Colydiinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

beetle Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...

s, commonly known as cylindrical bark beetles. They have been treated historically as a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Colydiidae, but have been moved into the

Zopheridae Zopheridae is a family of beetles belonging to Tenebrionoidea. It has grown considerably in recent years as the members of two other families are now included (Monommatidae and Colydiidae), as subfamilies or (in the former case) even as tribe ( ...

, where they constitute the bulk of the diversity of the newly expanded family, with about 140 genera worldwide. They are diverse for example in the

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

n region, from where about 35 genera are known; in

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

, though, only 20 genera are found and many of these only with few

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

. (2002): olydiinae ''In'': : ''

American Beetles ''American Beetles'' is a comprehensive description of the beetles of North America north of the tropical area of Mexico. It was started by Ross H. Arnett, Jr. as an update of his classic ''The Beetles of the United States''; along with Michael ...

'' (Vol. 2: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea).

CRC Press The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books. Many of their books relate to engineering, science and mathematics. Their scope also includes books on business, forensics and information technol ...

. (2010): Australian Faunal Directory &ndash
Colydiinae checklist
Version of 2011-OCT-20. Retrieved 2012-MAR-31. (2011)
Colydiinae
Version 2.4, 2011-JAN-24. Retrieved 2012-MAR-31. Little is known about the biology of these beetles. Most feed on

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

, others are

carnivores A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly mu ...

and eat small

arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

s such as

bark beetle A bark beetle is the common name for the subfamily of beetles Scolytinae. Previously, this was considered a distinct family (Scolytidae), but is now understood to be a specialized clade of the "true weevil" family (Curculionidae). Although th ...

s. (1987): ''Beetles of Australia''. Angus and Robertson,

North Ryde, New South Wales North Ryde is a suburb located in the Northern Sydney region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. North Ryde is located 15 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the Local government in Australia, local government are ...

Systematics and taxonomy

Up to 9

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

s are accepted by various authors; others, however, synonymize some of these. Formerly, many additional tribes were recognized, but the

Synchitini Synchitini is a tribe of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae. There are about 19 genera and at least 40 described species in Synchitini. Genera These 19 genera belong to the tribe Synchitini: * '' Acolobicus'' Sharp, 1894 * '' B ...

, for example, are today generally held to include a number of these tribes, and are even sometimes merged into the Colydiini. The tribes are: * Acropini * Adimerini * Colydiini Billberg, 1820 * Gempylodini * Nematidiini * Orthocerini Blanchard, 1845 (= Sarrotriini Billberg, 1820 ( nom. rej.)) * Rhagoderini * Rhopalocerini *

Erichson, 1845 (sometimes in Colydiini) Delimitation of the Colydiinae against the other lineages of Zopheridae is usually unproblematic. The only significant case of dispute may be the Pycnomerini, which is a small lineage of Zopheridae ''

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' and was formerly considered an independent family like the "Colydiidae". That treatment is almost certainly wrong, but whether these beetles should be placed in Zopheridae as an additional subfamily Pycnomerinae, or treated as tribe Pycnomerini – and if the latter, whether they are better included in the Colydiinae or the Zopherinae – is still disputed.

Selected genera

Genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

of cylindrical bark beetles include: Colydium

* '' Ablabus'' Broun, 1880 * '' Acolobicus'' * '' Acolophoides'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Acolophus'' Sharp, 1885 * '' Acostonotus'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Acropis'' Burmeister, 1840 * '' Afrorthocerus'' * '' Allobitoma'' Broun, 1921 * '' Alluauditoma'' * '' Anosyana'' * '' Antilissus'' Sharp, 1879 * '' Ascomma'' * '' Asprotera'' * '' Asynchita'' * '' Atyscus'' * '' Aulonium'' Erichson, 1845 * '' Bhutania'' * '' Bitoma'' Herbst, 1793 * '' Bolcocius'' Dajoz, 1977 * '' Bulasconotus'' Ślipiński & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Bupala'' * '' Cacotarphius'' * '' Caprodes'' Pascoe, 1863 * '' Catolaemus'' * '' Cebia'' Pascoe, 1863 * '' Cerchanotus'' Erichson, 1845 * '' Chorasus'' Sharp, 1882 (including ''Vitiacus'') * '' Cicablabus'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Cicones'' * '' Ciconissus'' Broun, 1893 (including ''Caanthus'') * '' Colobicones'' Grouvelle, 1918 * '' Colobicus'' Latreille, 1807 * '' Colydium'' Fabricius, 1792 * '' Colydodes'' * '' Corticus'' Germar, 1824 * '' Coxelus'' Dejean, 1821 * '' Dechomus'' * '' Denophloeus'' * '' Diodesma'' Latreille, 1829 * '' Diplagia'' Reitter, 1882 * '' Diplotoma'' * '' Ditomoidea'' * '' Emilka'' * ''

Endeitoma ''Endeitoma'' is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae Zopheridae is a family of beetles belonging to Tenebrionoidea. It has grown considerably in recent years as the members of two other families are now included (Mon ...

'' Sharp, 1894 * '' Endocoxelus'' * '' Endophloeus'' Dejean, 1834 * '' Enhypnon'' Carter, 1919 * '' Epistranodes'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Epistranus'' Sharp, 1878 * '' Erylus'' * '' Eucicones'' * '' Eudesma'' * '' Eulachus'' * '' Faecula'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Fenerivia'' * '' Gempylodes'' Pascoe 1863 * '' Glenentela'' Broun, 1893 * '' Glyphocryptus'' Sharp, 885/small> * '' Helioctamenus'' Schaufuss, 1882 * '' Heterargus'' Sharp, 1886 (including ''Gathocles, Protarphius'') * '' Holopleuridia'' * '' Hyberis'' * '' Hystricones'' * '' Isotarphius'' * '' Kanantsia'' * '' Labrotrichus'' * '' Langelandia'' Aubé, 1843 * '' Lascobitoma'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Lasconotus'' Erichson, 1845 * '' Lascotonus'' * '' Lascotrichus'' * '' Lastrema'' Reitter, 1882 * '' Linophloeus'' * '' Lobogestoria'' * '' Lobomesa'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Lyreus'' Aubé, 1861 * '' Madacones'' * '' Madadesia'' * '' Madenphloeus'' * '' Mamakius'' * '' Megataphrus'' * '' Microprius'' Fairmaire, 1868 * '' Microsicus'' * '' Mnionychus'' * '' Monoedus'' Horn, 1882 (including ''Adimerus'') * '' Munaria'' Reitter, 1882 * '' Namunaria'' Reitter, 1882 (including ''Sympanotus'') * '' Nematidium'' Erichson, 1845 * '' Neotrichus'' Sharp, 1885 * '' Niphopelta'' Reitter, 1882 * '' Norix'' Broun, 1893 * '' Nosodomodes'' Reitter, 1922 * '' Notocoxelus'' Ślipiński & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Orthocerus'' Latreille, 1796 (including ''Sarrotrium'') * '' Paha'' * '' Paratarphius'' * '' Paryphus'' * '' Pharax'' * '' Phloeodalis'' * '' Phloeonemus'' * '' Phormesa'' * ''

Phorminx :''Phorminx is also a genus of cylindrical bark beetles.'' The ''phorminx'' () was one of the oldest of the Ancient Greek stringed musical instruments, in the yoke lutes family, intermediate between the lyre and the kithara. It consisted of tw ...

'' Carter & Zeck, 1937 * '' Phreatus'' * '' Priolomopsis'' * '' Priolomus'' * '' Pristoderus'' Hope, 1840 (including ''Dryptops, Enarsus, Recyntus, Sparactus'') * '' Prosteca'' Wollaston, 1860 * '' Pseudendestes'' Lawrence, 1980 * '' Pseudocorticus'' * '' Pseudotarphius'' * '' Rechodes'' * '' Rhagodera'' Mannerheim 1843 * '' Rhopalocerus'' Redtenbacher, 1842 * '' Rytinotus'' Broun, 1880 * '' Sallachius'' * '' Sassaka'' * '' Sechellotoma'' * '' Sprecodes'' * '' Synagathis'' Carter & Zeck, 1937 * '' Syncalus'' Sharp, 1876 (including ''Acosmetus'') * '' Synchita'' Hellwig, 1792 * '' Tarphiablabus'' Ślipiński & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Tarphiomimus'' Wollaston, 1873 * '' Tarphiosoma'' * '' Tarphius'' Erichson, 1845 * '' Tentablabus'' Slipinski & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Todima'' Grouvelle, 1893 * '' Todimopsis'' Ślipiński & Lawrence, 1997 * '' Trachypholis'' Erichson, 1845 * '' Trigonophloeus'' * '' Xylolaemus'' Redtenbacher, 1858 * '' Zanclea'' The genera '' Pycnomerodes'', '' Pycnomerus'' and '' Rhizonium'' are sometimes included in the Colydiinae too. Other authors consider the latter ''

'' among the

Tenebrionoidea The Tenebrionoidea are a very large and diverse superfamily of beetles. It generally corresponds to the Heteromera of earlier authors. Taxonomy Tenebrionoidea contains the following families: * Aderidae Winkler 1927 (ant-like leaf beetles) ...

; for the former two, see

above Above may refer to: *Above (artist) Tavar Zawacki (b. 1981, California) is a Polish, Portuguese - American abstract artist and internationally recognized visual artist based in Berlin, Germany. From 1996 to 2016, he created work under the ...

. The species '' Xylolaemus sakhnovi'' was described in 2014 from a fossil preserved in

Baltic amber Baltic amber or succinite is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that this forested region provided the re ...

, which dates to the Middle Eocene. This was the first species of ''Xylolaemus'' described from the fossil record. The extinct genus '' Paleoendeitoma,'' belonging to the extant tribe Synchitini is known from the

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...

aged

Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. Th ...

of Myanmar.

References

External links

Atlas of cylindrical bark beetles (Colydiidae) of Russia
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences {{Authority control Zopheridae Articles containing video clips Polyphaga subfamilies

Systematics and taxonomy

Selected genera

See also

References

External links