Cyclanthaceae is a family of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

Taxonomy

Earlier systems, such as the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a list of systems of plant taxonomy, taxonomic classification system of angiosperms, flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of ...

and the

Takhtajan system A list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits Para ...

, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cyclanthaceae were the sole family of the order Cyclanthales in the

superorder Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...

Cyclanthiflorae (also called Cyclanthanae). The

APG system The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved ...

(1998) and the

APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly Molecular phylogenetics, molecular-based, list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy that ...

(2003) assign it to the order

Pandanales Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots where ...

in the clade

monocots Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are flowering plants whose seeds contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. A monocot taxon has been in use for several decades, but with various ranks a ...

. The family occurs in the

neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeog ...

and consists of 12 genera with a total of ca 230 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ).

List of genera

*'' Asplundia'' Harling *'' Carludovica'' Ruiz & Pav. *'' Chorigyne'' R.Erikss. *'' Cyclanthus'' Poit. *'' Dianthoveus'' Hammel & Wilder *'' Dicranopygium'' Harling *'' Evodianthus'' Oerst. *'' Ludovia'' Brongn. *'' Schultesiophytum'' Harling *''

Sphaeradenia ''Sphaeradenia'' is a genus of plant in family Cyclanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1954. It is native to Central America and South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southe ...

'' Harling *'' Stelestylis'' Drude *'' Thoracocarpus'' Harling

Cultivation and uses

The family is probably best known for ''

Carludovica palmata ''Carludovica palmata'' (also known as Panama hat plant, toquilla palm, calá, palmilla, palmero, pojom, jiraca, junco, soyacal, tepejilote, and jipijapa) is a species of flowering plant in the family '' Cyclanthaceae''. It is not a true palm, ...

'', the young leaves of which are made into

Panama hat An Ecuadorian hat, also known as a Panama hat, a Jipijapa hat, or a toquilla straw hat, is a traditional brimmed straw hat of Ecuadorian origin. Traditionally, hats were made from the plaited leaves of the '' Carludovica palmata'' plant, k ...

s. An unidentified species belonging to this family (possibly a ''Carludovica'' species) has been marketed as a

houseplant A houseplant, also known as a pot plant, potted plant, or indoor plant, is an ornamental plant cultivated indoors. for aesthetic or practical purposes. These plants are commonly found in House, homes, Office, offices, and various indoor spaces, w ...

in the United States under the name "Jungle Drum". '' Carludovica divergens'' is added to some versions of the hallucinogenic drink

Ayahuasca AyahuascaPronounced as in the UK and in the US. Also occasionally known in English as ''ayaguasca'' (Spanish-derived), ''aioasca'' (Brazilian Portuguese-derived), or as ''yagé'', pronounced or . Etymologically, all forms but ''yagé'' descen ...

References

Bibliography

Cyclanthaceae
n L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards),

NCBI Taxonomy Browser: CyclanthaceaeCSDL, Texas: Cyclanthaceae
* * {{Authority control Monocot families Taxa named by Pierre Antoine Poiteau