Currowan
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Currowan is a locality in the
Eurobodalla Shire Eurobodalla Shire is a Local government in Australia, local government area located in the South Coast (New South Wales), South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located in a largely mountainous coastal region and situated ...
, on the South Coast of
New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
, Australia. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 53. There was once a settlement, now a
ghost town A ghost town, deserted city, extinct town, or abandoned city is an abandoned settlement, usually one that contains substantial visible remaining buildings and infrastructure such as roads. A town often becomes a ghost town because the economi ...
, of the same name.


Location

Currowan is about 42 km south-east of Braidwood. The locality can be considered as having three distinct parts. The western part of the locality, near where the Kings Highway runs close to Currowan Creek below
Clyde Mountain Clyde Mountain, at an elevation of , is a mountain in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Location and features Clyde Mountain is located in the Great Dividing Range within the Monga National Park. The mountain is ap ...
, the largely forested and hilly central area, and the eastern part adjacent to the right bank of the Clyde River. Currowan Creek links the three parts of the locality.


History


Aboriginal history

Currowan lies on the traditional lands of
Walbanga The Walbunja, also spelt Walbanga, Walbunga and Wulbunja, are an Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales, part of the Yuin nation. Language The Walbunja language may be a dialect of Dhurga. Country The Walbunja people are a subgroup o ...
people, a group of
Yuin The Yuin nation, also spelt Djuwin, is a group of Aboriginal Australians, Australian Aboriginal peoples from the South Coast (New South Wales), South Coast of New South Wales. All Yuin people share ancestors who spoke, as their first language, ...
.


Settlement and 'town' of Currowan

There was a planned village or township of the same name. Its site was on the right bank of the Clyde River estuary and the right bank of Currowan Creek, where the two waterways converge. This site of the village of Currowan was fixed in 1844 and a village plan laid out, in that same year, by then colonial surveyor and later ill-fated explorer,
Edmund Kennedy Edmund Besley Court Kennedy J. P. (5 September 1818 – December 1848) was an explorer in Australia in the mid-19th century. He was the Assistant-Surveyor of New South Wales, working with Thomas Mitchell (explorer), Sir Thomas Mitchell. Kenned ...
. The village site had been reserved by another colonial surveyor,
James Larmer James Larmer (b. 1808 or 1809 – d. 1886) was a government surveyor in the colony of New South Wales. Between 1830 and 1859, he surveyed land, roads and settlements in New South Wales. He was an Assistant Surveyor to the Surveyor-General, Thomas ...
, in 1841. The site was remote and, at the time, only accessible by water. As a result of the Crown Lands Act of 1884, Currowan was proclaimed a town on 20 March 1885. After completion of the Clyde Road in 1858, town allotments were put on sale in 1859, in both Nelligen and Currowan. Closer to the river mouth, it was Nelligen that was chosen to become the terminus of the new road connection to the
Southern Tablelands The Southern Tablelands is a geographic area of New South Wales, Australia, located south-west of Sydney and generally west of the Great Dividing Range. The area is characterised by high, flat country which has generally been extensively cl ...
and the port town on the Clyde. Although the Clyde follows a meandering course upstream of Nelligen, it was navigable to Currowan and the town had a stone wharf, plenty of flat land and a good water supply. However, the town of Currowan never prospered. The absence of a road connection from the Braidwood district to Currowan remained an obstacle to its growth as a port, and the floods of 1860 showed that the town's site was flood-prone. Even so, Currowan remained a minor landing place that allowed easier access than Nelligen to gold mines in the district. By 1859, there was a better road connecting Currowan to Nelligen and gold had been mined in the hills within four or five miles of Currowan. The most significant period of quartz reef mining activity in the area seems to have begun in earnest around 1890. It was relatively short lived and on a small scale. The last mine to close, in 1915, was the Phoenix Mine, which was probably also the largest of the mines close to Currowan village. The town held a race meeting in 1901. However, a visitor in the same year mentions seeing only the school, some farms and a sawmill. It seems the 'town', by then, was only the very smallest of settlements. Land was reserved in the town for a Public School in 1893. Currowan had a 'provisional school' (Oct 1882 to May 1884), later a public school (May 1884 to May 1888) and finally a 'half-time school' (May 1888 to May 1907, and May 1910 to May 1916). There was also a separate school in the western part of the locality at Currowan Creek. It was a 'house-to-house school' from November 1883 until December 1891. Later, it was a 'half-time school', called Clyde Mountain, from January 1892 until it closed in December 1893. In 1920, a factory was established, by the Austral Starch Company Limited, to extract starch from the burrawong plant (''
Macrozamia communis ''Macrozamia communis'' is an Australian cycad found on the east coast of New South Wales. The common name for the species is burrawang, a word derived from the Daruk Australian Aboriginal language; this name is also often applied to other spec ...
''). The factory was near the mouth of Currowan Creek. A tramway running, along Mimosa Street, linked the factory to the town's wharf. The venture was unsuccessful and had closed by April 1923. There were two small gold mines west of the Currowan village operating from around 1934 to 1935. Currowan became a locality, under the Geographical Names Act of 1966. Little remains of the 'town' of Currowan today. Some of its street names and town allotments still appear on modern-day maps. The old town site is accessible via the River Road from Nelligen,


Currowan Creek Aboriginal Reserve

On the opposite bank of Currowan Creek to the town site, "about 60 acres" of land was set aside, in April 1893, as an
Aboriginal reserve An Aboriginal reserve, also called simply reserve, was a government-sanctioned settlement for Aboriginal Australians, created under various state and federal legislation. Along with missions and other institutions, they were used from the 19th ...
. This became the Currowan Creek Aboriginal Reserve, which lasted until 1956. It was recorded as 50 acres in size. In June 1910, there were just three huts, with two adults and five children—three of school age—living there. The people living there had employment, at times, cutting sleepers and stripping wattle bark (for tanning), and three acres of land were under cultivation for
maize Maize (; ''Zea mays''), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. It was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte. Native American ...
and vegetables.


Currowan bushfire

The locality gave its name to one of the disastrous bushfires of the 2019-2020 Australian summer, the Currowan fire. It broke out at Currowan on 26 November 2019 and, over 74 days and after merging with other fires—some of which were caused by the main fire spreading beyond erstwhile containment lines—it burnt , destroyed 312 homes, and damaged another 173. It took three human lives and also killed countless wild animals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. It has been observed that the Currowan fire was only really contained by reaching the coastline, which it did at multiple locations. The final extinguishing of the fire came only with torrential rain, on 8 February 2020.


References


External links


Plan of the Town of Currowan
{{Localities in Eurobodalla Shire Eurobodalla Shire Mining towns in New South Wales Ghost towns in New South Wales