Lillian "Curly" Lawrence (September 27, 1883 – November 4, 1967), known as LBSC, was one of Britain's most prolific and well known model or scale-steam-locomotive designers. LBSC were the initials of Britain's

London, Brighton and South Coast Railway The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR; known also as the Brighton line, the Brighton Railway or the Brighton) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1922. Its territory formed a rough triangle, with London at its ...

, where he was once employed as a fireman.

Early life

LBSC, "Curly" to his friends, was born 27 September 1883 and christened William Morris Benjamin, later changing his surname to Mathieson when his father changed the family name. After 1902, he changed his name to Lillian Lawrence; why he chose a female name is unclear, however he was nicknamed "Dolly" at school by account of his long, blond, curly hair, and was pictured on occasion, wearing female shoes and clothing while driving his models. Despite his 'unusual make-up', as described by his friend George Barlow, his retiring nature, and the prejudices that may have existed in 1930s, he was readily accepted as an expert live steam model engineer. Lawrence had been making steam engines from tins and bits and pieces since childhood and his engineering skills were largely self taught. In 1908 he married Sarah Munt, otherwise known as Mabel. Lawrence loved

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the loco ...

s from the time he was a child and spent several years in the employ of the LBSC Railway, from which he later adopted his pen name.

Battle of the boilers

The turning point in LBSC's life was in 1922 when he sparked what became known as the "battle of the boilers" with

Henry Greenly Henry Greenly (1876–1947) was amongst the foremost miniature railway engineers of the 20th century, remembered as a master of engineering design. Miniature railways Greenly is perhaps best remembered for his miniature locomotive designs. He wor ...

. Within two and half years he was established as one of the top professionals in scale or

model engineering Model engineering is the pursuit of constructing proportionally-scaled miniature working representations of full-sized machines. It is a branch of metalworking with a strong emphasis on artisanry, as opposed to mass production. While now mainly a ...

. LBSC's contention was that scale locomotives should be fitted with

fire-tube boiler A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases pass from a fire through one or more tubes running through a sealed container of water. The heat of the gases is transferred through the walls of the tubes by thermal conduction, heating t ...

s modeled very closely on full size locomotive practice i.e. be coal fired, with multiple fire-tubes and a number of

superheater A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There ar ...

elements, as compared with then commercial and hobbyist practice of building

spirit Spirit or spirits may refer to: Liquor and other volatile liquids * Spirits, a.k.a. liquor, distilled alcoholic drinks * Spirit or tincture, an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol * Volatile (especially flammable) liquids, ...

fuelled,

water-tube boiler A high pressure watertube boiler (also spelled water-tube and water tube) is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by the fire. Fuel is burned inside the furnace, creating hot gas which boils water in the steam-gene ...

s. LBSC's

live steam Live steam is steam under pressure, obtained by heating water in a boiler. The steam is used to operate stationary or moving equipment. A live steam machine or device is one powered by steam, but the term is usually reserved for those that ar ...

locomotive type boilers proved to be outstanding steamers, quite capable of hauling real passengers. His 2½ inch gauge four coupled wheel locomotive, ''Ayesha'' (named after a character in the novel '' She: A History of Adventure'' by

H. Rider Haggard Sir Henry Rider Haggard (; 22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction romances set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre. He was also involved in land reform ...

), could haul 200 lb, when the equivalent sized spirit fired water-tube locomotives of the day could only haul 30 lb. LBSC demonstrated this locomotive at the Society of Model & Experimental Engineers meeting in London in July 1922, as a result of which he was invited to contribute an article to ''Model Engineer'' magazine describing its construction. A further challenge in 1924 – the "battle of the boilers" – between a

designed

Bassett-Lowke Bassett-Lowke was an English toy manufacturing company based in Northampton. Founded by Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke in 1898 or 1899, the company specialized in model railways, boats and ships, and construction sets. Bassett-Lowke started as ...

spirit fired locomotive and one of LBSC's finally vindicated his claims although it led to a lifelong animosity between him and Greenly. ''Ayesha'', now owned by The National 2½ in Gauge Association, was steamed in June 2016 for the first time in more than 50 years, and after little more than a hydraulic boiler test ran successfully more than 90 years after the locomotive was built by LBSC. To see photos of this historic locomotive see John Baguley's website

Writing

LBSC then wrote construction articles for various British model engineering magazines from 1923 until 1967, very shortly before his death, including nearly 2,600 articles for ''Model Engineer Magazine'' from January 1922 (initially in the form of letters to the Editor and then from April 1923 as a full-time contributor) to May 1959 and then again from January 1966 until October 1967. During this time, LBSC designed 166 different locomotives, ranging from

0 gauge O scale (or O gauge) is a scale commonly used for toy trains and rail transport modelling. Introduced by German toy manufacturer Märklin around 1900, by the 1930s three-rail alternating current O gauge was the most common model railroad scale ...

up to 5 inch gauge, building over 50 himself. Hollingsworth, 2003 Many of these designs are still available today as sets of drawings, and some were later produced in book form, LBSC, ''Shop, Shed and Road - The Live Steam Book''

Track gauges

Before LBSC started publishing in the 1920s, model locomotive practice had been divided into two camps. The first encompassed

s that ran on a gauge of 10¼ inch or greater which followed full scale practice in terms of boiler design and operation, as exemplified by the 15 inch gauge, Henry Greenly designed

Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway (RH&DR) is a gauge light railway in Kent, England, operating steam and internal combustion locomotives. The line runs from the Cinque Port of Hythe via Dymchurch, St. Mary's Bay, New Romney and Ro ...

in Kent. The second encompassed locomotives that were of 2½ inch gauge or less which truly were models i.e. were meant only to look like full size locomotives and ran with spirit fired boilers, typified by those manufactured by Bassett-Lowke. These latter locomotives were usually run in realistic looking

garden railway A garden railroad or garden railway is a model railway system set up outdoors in a garden. While G is the most popular scale for garden railroads, 16 mm scale has a dedicated and growing following especially in the UK. Model locomotives in ...

layouts hauling groups of model carriages around the track. The gauges between 2½ and 10¼ inch essentially did not exist. The advent of LBSC's designs that could haul their full size drivers, although a lot less realistic than a "model" railway, were much more fun. As the design of true locomotive type boilers in the smaller scales (0, 1¾ and 2½ inch gauges) improved, so the scale increased with many designs then being built to the larger 3½, 5 and 7¼ inch gauges. This is reflected in the spread of LBSC's designs; in the 1920s he did 27 designs in the smaller scales versus only 1 of 3½ inch or larger, in the 1930s 50 designs in the smaller scales versus 7 in the larger, in the 1940s 17 versus 19, 1950s 10 versus 21 and finally in the 1960s 2 versus 5. Within model engineering circles other well known contemporary British designer / builders in these mid-size gauges included

Harry Jackson Harry Jackson may refer to: * Harry R. Jackson Jr., African-American pastor *Harry Jackson (actor) (1836–1885), English actor *Harry Jackson (cinematographer) (1896–1953), American cinematographer * Harry Jackson (criminal) (1861–?), first ma ...

and

Harry Clarkson Harry may refer to: TV shows * ''Harry'' (American TV series), a 1987 American comedy series starring Alan Arkin * ''Harry'' (British TV series), a 1993 BBC drama that ran for two seasons * ''Harry'' (talk show), a 2016 American daytime talk show ...

Legacy

It was LBSC's contention that any person with enough desire could build a working steam locomotive. Many of his designs were based on actual engines, though they were usually modified and often simplified for the home builder. All were robust in nature and good performers. His notes on various aspects of locomotive construction were compiled into a book called ''Shops, Shed, and Road'', first published in 1929 and still considered to be a standard reference for the model engineer (republished in 1950 as ''The Live Steam Book'' and in 1969 as ''LBSC's Shop, Shed and Road'' with singular ''Shop''). Through his articles LBSC introduced many enthusiasts to the joys of machine shop work and miniature steam locomotives. "An enigmatic character, not to mention one who had almost no ability to tolerate criticism of his work, he nevertheless had a natural empathy with his readers and a remarkable knack of making the most complicated workshop procedures sound utterly straightforward". There are countless locomotives built to his plans still operating on tracks around the world. He died on 4 November 1967 having made his last contribution to Model Engineer Magazine only one month before. LBSC's legacy includes 113 published and 29 unpublished designs, including some of the most popular ones as follows.

2½ inch gauge

* ''Annie Boddie'',

Midland Railway The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844. The Midland was one of the largest railway companies in Britain in the early 20th century, and the largest employer in Derby, where it had its headquarters. It ama ...

style

4-4-0 4-4-0 is a locomotive type with a classification that uses the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement and represents the arrangement: four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four pow ...

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1933 * ''Austere Ada'', War Department Austerity 2-8-0 tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1943 * ''Ayesha'', LB&SCR Atlantic 4-4-2 tender engine, the locomotive which initiated the Battle of the Boilers in 1924, ''English Mechanics'', 1930 * ''Canadian Switcher'', Canadian National style

0-6-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing wheels. This was the most common wheel arrangement ...

Switcher A switcher, shunter, yard pilot, switch engine, yard goat, or shifter is a small railroad locomotive used for manoeuvring railroad cars inside a rail yard in a process known as ''switching'' (US) or ''shunting'' (UK). Switchers are not inte ...

tank engine A tank locomotive or tank engine is a steam locomotive that carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomot ...

, ''Model Engineer'', 1929 * ''Caterpillar'', LBSC's freelance 4-12-2 tender engine design based on the Union Pacific 9000 Class with 3 or 4 cylinders, '' English Mechanics'', 1932 * ''Fayette'', Anglo-American

4-6-2 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The loco ...

Pacific tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1928 * ''Green Arrow'',

LNER LNER may refer to: *London and North Eastern Railway, a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1923 until 1947 *London North Eastern Railway London North Eastern Railway (LNER) is a British train operating company. It is owned by the D ...

V2,

2-6-2 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, six coupled driving wheels and two trailing wheels. This arrangement is commonly called a Prairie. Overview The major ...

tender engine. 3 cylinders with Holcroft conjugated valve gear, ''English Mechanics'', 1936 * ''GWR 1695'', GWR, open cab

ST saddle tank engine, ''English Mechanics'', 1939 * ''Helen Long'', LBSC freelance

4-8-4 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and four trailing wheels on two axles. The ty ...

T express

design with 3 cylinders, ''Model Engineer'', 1927 * ''Kingette'',

GWR King Class The Great Western Railway (GWR) 6000 Class or King Class is a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives designed for express passenger work and introduced in 1927. They were the largest locomotives built by the GWR, apart from the unique Pacific ( ''The ...

4-6-0 A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absenc ...

4 cylinder tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1932 * ''Lady Kitty'',

GWR 4700 Class The Great Western Railway (GWR) 4700 Class was a class of nine 2-8-0 steam locomotives, designed by George Jackson Churchward. They were introduced in 1919 for heavy mixed-traffic work. Although primarily designed for fast freight, the class al ...

2-8-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels ...

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1929 * ''LMS 4652'',

LMS Fowler Class 4F The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Fowler Class 4F is a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed for medium freight work. They represent the ultimate development of Midland Railway's six coupled tender engines. Many trainspotters kne ...

tender engine, ''English Mechanics'', 1937 * ''Mabel Hall'',

GWR Hall Class The Great Western Railway 4900 Class or Hall Class is a class of 4-6-0 mixed-traffic steam locomotives designed by Charles Collett for the Great Western Railway. A total of 259 were built at Swindon Works, numbered 4900–4999, 5900–5999 and ...

tender engine, ''English Mechanics'', 1932 * ''Mary Anne'',

LNER Class J39 The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Class J39 was a class of medium powered 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed for mixed-traffic work throughout the former LNER system between London and the north of Scotland. History The class was intro ...

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1934 * ''Olympiade'',

LMS Jubilee Class The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Jubilee Class is a class of steam locomotive designed for main line passenger work. 191 locomotives were built between 1934 and 1936. They were built concurrently with the similar looking LMS Stanie ...

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1938 * ''

Princess Royal Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to their eldest daughter. Although purely honorary, it is the highest honour that may be given to a female member of the royal family. There have been s ...

'',

LMS Princess Class The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Princess Royal Class is a class of express passenger 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed by William Stanier. Twelve examples were built at Crewe Works, between 1933 and 1935, for use on the West Coast ...

Pacific tender engine, ''English Mechanics'', 1933 * ''Purley Grange'',

GWR Grange Class The Great Western Railway (GWR) 6800 Class or Grange Class was a mixed-traffic class of 4-6-0 steam locomotive, built to replace the GWR 4300 Class 2-6-0. There were 80 in the class, all built at the Swindon works, using some reconditioned par ...

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1937 * ''Rose'',

GER Class T26 The GER Class T26 was a class of steam tender locomotives designed by James Holden for the Great Eastern Railway. At the 1923 grouping they passed to the London and North Eastern Railway, who classified them E4. Eighteen survived into British ...

2-4-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. The notation 2-4-0T indicate ...

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1957 * ''Uranus'', GWR style

tender engine, ''English Mechanics'', 1932 * ''US Austerity'', American style WWII Austerity,

tender engine, ''English Mechanics'', 1943

3½ inch gauge The square root of 3 is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number 3. It is denoted mathematically as \sqrt or 3^. It is more precisely called the principal square root of 3 to distinguish it from the negative nu ...

* ''Betty'', LBSC's might-have-been Maunsell type SR

tender engine, subsequently published in book form, ''British Model Maker'', 1956 * ''

Britannia Britannia () is the national personification of Britain as a helmeted female warrior holding a trident and shield. An image first used in classical antiquity, the Latin ''Britannia'' was the name variously applied to the British Isles, Gr ...

'', BR Class 7 4-6-2 Pacific tender engine. LBSC used much information made available to him by his friend

Robert Riddles Robert Arthur "Robin" Riddles, CBE, MIMechE, MinstLE (23 May 1892 – 18 June 1983) was a British locomotive engineer. Biography LNWR and LMS Riddles was born in 1892 and entered the Crewe Works of the London and North Western Railway as a pre ...

during his development of the full-size engine, ''Model Engineer'' 1951 * ''BR 75000'', British Railways 4-6-0 class 4 tender engine, the last design LBSC did for English Mechanics magazine, ''English Mechanics'' 1956 * ''Canterbury Lamb'',

Canterbury and Whitstable Railway The Canterbury and Whitstable Railway, sometimes referred to colloquially as the "Crab and Winkle Line", was an early British railway that opened in 1830 between Canterbury and Whitstable in the county of Kent, England. Early history There a ...

0-4-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents one of the simplest possible types, that with two axles and four coupled wheels, all of which are driven. The wheels on the earliest four-coupled locomotives were ...

tender engine of 1830, ''Model Engineer'', 1952 * ''Evening Star'',

BR standard class 9F The British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 is a class of steam locomotive designed for British Railways by Robert Riddles. The Class 9F was the last in a series of standardised locomotive classes designed for British Railways during the 19 ...

2-10-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-10-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, ten powered and coupled driving wheels on five axles, and no trailing wheels. This arrangement was of ...

freight tender engine, the last steam engine built for BR, LBSC's design was completed by

Martin Evans Sir Martin John Evans (born 1 January 1941) is an English biologist who, with Matthew Kaufman, was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981. He is also known, along with Mario Capecchi and Olive ...

, subsequently published in book form, ''Practical Mechanics'' 1963 * ''Hielan Lassie'',

Thompson Thompson may refer to: People * Thompson (surname) * Thompson M. Scoon (1888–1953), New York politician Places Australia *Thompson Beach, South Australia, a locality Bulgaria * Thompson, Bulgaria, a village in Sofia Province Canada * ...

rebuild of the LNER A1/1 Pacific tender engine. Described with slide or piston valves and both

Walschaerts The Walschaerts valve gear is a type of valve gear used to regulate the flow of steam to the pistons in steam locomotives, invented by Belgian railway engineer Egide Walschaerts in 1844. The gear is sometimes named without the final "s", since ...

and

Baker valve gear After about 1910, the Baker valve gear was the main competitor to Walschaerts valve gear for steam locomotives in the United States. Strictly speaking it was not a valve gear but a variable expansion mechanism adapted to the Walschaerts layout rep ...

, ''Model Engineer'', 1946 * ''Ivy Hall'', LBSC's "modernised"

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1955 * ''Juliet'', beginner's

, ''Model Engineer'', 1946 * ''Lickham Hall'', Authentic reproduction of

tender engine. Designed for Reeves in 1956 * ''Maisie'',

Great Northern Great Northern may refer to: Transport * One of a number of railways; see Great Northern Railway (disambiguation). * Great Northern Railway (U.S.), a defunct American transcontinental railroad and major predecessor of the BNSF Railway. * Great ...

C1 Atlantic 4-4-2 tender engine, subsequently published in book form, ''Model Engineer'', 1935 * ''Mona'',

0-6-2 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The type is sometimes known a ...

T style

, with inside cylinders and Hackworth valve gear, subsequently published in book form, ''British Model Maker'', 1956/57. Also for 1.75" gauge. * ''Miss Ten-to-Eight'',

North Eastern The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...

R1 (later

D21 class)

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1939 * ''Molly'',

LMS Fowler Class 3F The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Fowler 3F is a class of steam locomotive, often known as Jinty. They represent the ultimate development of the Midland Railway's six-coupled tank engines. They could reach speeds of up to 60 ...

"Jinty", ''Model Engineer'', 1941 * ''Netta'',

T1 (later

Q5 class)

0-8-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and no trailing wheels. Locomotives of this type are also referre ...

tender engine, described simultaneously in gauge O, 1¾, 2½, 3½ and 5-inch gauges, ''Model Engineer'', 1954 * ''Pamela'', LBSC's idea for rebuilding the SR Merchant Navy class

Pacific tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1950 * ''Petrolea'', Great Eastern T19 (later

E4 class)

inside cylinder tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1943 * '' Princess Marina'',

LMS Stanier Mogul The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 5 2-6-0 or Stanier Mogul is a class of 2-6-0 mixed traffic steam locomotive. Forty were built between October 1933 and March 1934. Overview Although all built at Crewe Works, they we ...

2-6-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing whee ...

tender engine, subsequently published in book form, ''English Mechanics'' 1935 * ''P.V. Baker'',

. Piston Valve,

, ''Model Engineer'', 1945 * ''

Rainhill Rainhill is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, in Merseyside, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 10,853. Historically part of Lancashire, Rainhill was formerly a townsh ...

'',

0-2-2 An 0-2-2, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is one that has two coupled driving wheels followed by two trailing wheels, with no leading wheels. The configuration was briefly built by Robert St ...

tender engine inspired by

Stephenson's Rocket Stephenson's ''Rocket'' is an early steam locomotive of 0-2-2 wheel arrangement. It was built for and won the Rainhill Trials of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR), held in October 1829 to show that improved locomotives would be m ...

in its original form, ''Model Engineer'', 1941 * ''Tich'',

T LBSC's freelance contractor's

designed with both small and large-boilers, with slip-eccentric or

Walschaerts valve gear The Walschaerts valve gear is a type of valve gear used to regulate the flow of steam to the pistons in steam locomotives, invented by Belgium, Belgian railway mechanical engineering, engineer Egide Walschaerts in 1844. The gear is sometimes name ...

, subsequently published in book form, ''Model Engineer'', 1948 & 1959 * ''Virginia'',

American tender engine, described in both "old time" and modern guises, subsequently published in book form, ''Model Engineer'', 1956

5-inch gauge

* ''Eva May'',

T freelance

. LBSC's first 5-inch design. There was a tender version as well, ''English Mechanics'' 1933 * ''Maid of Kent'',

tender engine, a

South Eastern & Chatham Railway The South Eastern and Chatham Railway Companies Joint Management Committee (SE&CRCJMC),Awdry (1990), page 199 known as the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SE&CR), was a working union of two neighbouring rival railways, the South Easte ...

L1 class, ''Model Engineer'', 1948 * ''Minx'',

London, Brighton & South Coast Railway The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR; known also as the Brighton line, the Brighton Railway or the Brighton) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1922. Its territory formed a rough triangle, with London at its ...

C2x C2x is an informal name for the next (after C17) major C language standard revision. It is expected to be voted on in 2023 and would therefore become C23. The most recent publicly available draft of C23 was released on January 24, 2023. The f ...

tender engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1948 * ''Pansy'',

GWR 0-6-0PT The GWR 0-6-0PT (Pannier Tank), is a type of steam locomotive built by the British Great Western Railway with the water tanks carried on both sides of the boiler, in the manner of panniers. They were used for local, suburban and branch line passen ...

pannier tank A tank locomotive or tank engine is a steam locomotive that carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomoti ...

engine, ''Model Engineer'', 1958 * ''Speedy'', GWR 15xx

, subsequently published in book form, ''English Mechanics'' 1950 * ''

Titfield Thunderbolt ''The Titfield Thunderbolt'' is a 1953 British comedy film directed by Charles Crichton and starring Stanley Holloway, Naunton Wayne, George Relph and John Gregson. The screenplay concerns a group of villagers trying to keep their branch line ...

'',

0-4-2 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement with no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. While the first locomot ...

tender engine based on the Liverpool & Manchester Railway's "Lion", ''Model Engineer'', 1953

Published books

* * * * * * * * *

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Curly Locomotive builders and designers 1883 births 1967 deaths Model engineers