Ctenothrissiformes is an
extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
order of prehistoric
acanthomorph ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...
, known from the mid-late
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...
of Europe and the Middle East.
Taxonomy
* Order Ctenothrissiformes
Berg 1937
** Family †
Aulolepidae Patterson 1964
*** Genus †''
Aulolepis''
Agassiz 1836 non Geinitz 1849
**** †''A. reussi''
Geinitz 1849
**** †''A. typa''
Agassiz 1844
*** Genus †''
Cyclolepis
''Cyclolepis'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.Tellería, M. C., et al. (2013)Pollen morphology and its taxonomic significance in the tribe Gochnatieae (Compositae, Gochnatioideae).''Plant Systematics and Evoluti ...
''
Geinitz 1868 non Gillies ex Don 1832 non Moquin-Tandon 1834
**** †''C. agassizi''
Geinitz 1868
**** †''C. stenodina''
Cockerell 1919
** Family †
Ctenothrissidae Woodward 1901
*** Genus †''
Heterothrissa''
Gaudant 1978
**** †''Heterothrissa signeuxae''
Gaudant 1978
*** Genus †''
Ctenothrissa''
Woodward 1899
**** †''C. enigmatica''
Gaudant 1978
**** †''C. microcephala''
(Agassiz 1835-1838) 'Beryx microcephalus'' Agassiz 1835-1838**** †''C. protodorsalis''
Gaudant 1978
**** †''C. radians''
(Agassiz 1835-1838) 'Beryx radians'' Agassiz 1835-1838**** †''C. signifer''
Hay 1903
**** †''C. vexillifer''
(Pictet 1850) 'Beryx vexillifer'' Pictet 1850During the mid-20th century, it was briefly suspected that the ctenothrissiforms could be a
Lazarus taxon
In paleontology, a Lazarus taxon (plural ''taxa'') is a taxon that disappears for one or more periods from the fossil record, only to appear again either in later fossil records, or as actual living organisms, and often in isolated, obscure, ...
that survived to the modern day, based on the discovery of specimens of the
deep-sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep-sea fishes include the flashlight f ...
''"Macristium''", which closely resembled the extinct ''Ctenothrissa''. However, further discoveries of "''Macristium''" specimens proved that this genus actually represented the larval form of the
aulopiform ''
Bathysaurus'', refuting the speculation over surviving ctenothrissiforms.
Timeline of genera
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from: -136.4 till: -130 color:earlycretaceous text:Hauterivian
The Hauterivian is, in the geologic timescale, an age in the Early Cretaceous Epoch or a stage in the Lower Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 132.6 ± 2 Ma and 125.77 (million years ago). The Hauterivian is preceded by the Valangi ...
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from: -125 till: -112 color:earlycretaceous text:Aptian
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from: -112 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Albian
The Albian is both an age (geology), age of the geologic timescale and a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch/s ...
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from: -83.5 till: -70.6 color:latecretaceous text:Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
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from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 ...
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Late Cretaceous
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color:latecretaceous bar:NAM1 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text:Protriacanthus
''Protriacanthus'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so calle ...
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2 from:-95.5 till:-93.5 text: Aulolepis
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-95.5 till:-93.5 text: Heterothrissa
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from: -130 till: -125 color:earlycretaceous text: Barrem.
from: -125 till: -112 color:earlycretaceous text:Aptian
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from: -112 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Albian
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from: -99.6 till: -93.5 color:latecretaceous text: Ceno.
from: -93.5 till: -89.3 color:latecretaceous text: Turon.
from: -89.3 till: -85.8 color:latecretaceous text: Con.
from: -85.8 till: -83.5 color:latecretaceous text: S.
from: -83.5 till: -70.6 color:latecretaceous text:Campanian
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from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early Cretaceous
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from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Late Cretaceous
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****
References
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q788492
Prehistoric ray-finned fish orders