''Crustulina'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

comb-footed spiders Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000 spec ...

that was first described by

Anton Menge Franz Anton Menge (15 February 1808 in Arnsberg – 27 January 1880 in Danzig) was a German entomologist. Menge was a student of Physics, Chemistry and Natural history, Natural History at the University of Bonn He became professor at the Petris ...

in 1868.

Species

it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *''

Crustulina albovittata ''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *'' Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) � ...

'' ( Thorell, 1875) –

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

*''

Crustulina altera ''Crustulina altera'' is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of Araneomorphae, araneomorph spiders first described by ...

'' Gertsch &

Archer Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 17 The word comes from the Latin ''arcus'', meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In modern ...

, 1942 – USA *''

Crustulina ambigua ''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *''Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) � ...

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1889 –

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

*''

Crustulina bicruciata ''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *'' Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) � ...

'' Simon, 1908 –

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

(Western

) *''

Crustulina conspicua ''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *'' Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) � ...

'' ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) –

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

*''

Crustulina erythropus ''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *'' Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) � ...

'' (Lucas, 1846) –

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

*''

Crustulina grayi ''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *'' Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) � ...

'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *''

Crustulina guttata ''Crustulina guttata'' is a spider species with Palearctic distribution. It is notably found in Lithuania.The checklist of Lithuanian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Marija Biteniekytė and Vygandas Rėlys, Biologija, 2011, Vol. 57, No. 4, pages 14 ...

'' (Wider, 1834) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) – Canary Is.,

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

(

to South Siberia), Central Asia,

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

*'' Crustulina hermonensis'' Levy & Amitai, 1979 – Israel *'' Crustulina incerta'' Tullgren, 1910 –

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

*'' Crustulina jeanneli''

Berland Berland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *André Berland (1940–2025), French historian and biographer *Bjørn Berland (born 1977), Norwegian footballer *Eliezer Berland (born 1937), Israeli Breslov rabbi *François Berléan ...

, 1920 –

East Africa East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the Africa, African continent, distinguished by its unique geographical, historical, and cultural landscape. Defined in varying scopes, the regi ...

*'' Crustulina lugubris'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *'' Crustulina molesta'' (Pavesi, 1883) –

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

*''

Crustulina obesa ''Crustulina'' is a genus of Theridiidae, comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *''Crustulina albovittata'' (Tamerl ...

'' Berland, 1920 – East Africa *'' Crustulina scabripes'' Simon, 1881 – Mediterranean *'' Crustulina starmuehlneri'' Kritscher, 1966 –

New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...

*'' Crustulina sticta'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861) –

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

, Europe,

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East),

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan In

synonymy A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

: *''C. argus'' Lucas, 1846 = ''Crustulina scabripes'' Simon, 1881 *''C. borealis'' Banks, 1900 = ''Crustulina sticta'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861) *''C. lineiventris'' (Pavesi, 1884) = ''Crustulina scabripes'' Simon, 1881 *''C. nitida'' Simon, 1884 = ''Crustulina scabripes'' Simon, 1881 *''C. pallipes'' Banks, 1906 = ''Crustulina sticta'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861) *''C. rugosa'' (Thorell, 1875) = ''Crustulina sticta'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861)

References

External links

* Theridiidae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Theridiidae {{Theridiidae-stub

Species

See also

References

External links