Crossognathiformes is an extinct order of

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

that lived from the

Late Jurassic The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 163.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.Owen 1987. In European lithostratigraphy, the ...

to the

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...

. Its phylogenetic placement is disputed; some authors have recovered it as part of the

teleost Teleostei (; Greek ''teleios'' "complete" + ''osteon'' "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts ), is, by far, the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, containing 96% of all extant species of fish. Tel ...

stem group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor ...

, while others place it in a basal position within

crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. ...

Teleostei.

Classification

Order Crossognathiformes Taverne, 1989 * '' Bavarichthys'' Arratia & Tischlinger, 2010 * '' Kradimus'' Veysey ''et al.'', 2020 * Family Varasichthyidae Arratia, 1981 ** '' Bobbichthys'' Arratia, 1986 ** '' Domeykos'' Arratia & Schultze, 1985 ** '' Luisichthys'' White, 1942 ** '' Protoclupea'' Arratia ''et al.'', 1975 ** '' Varasichthys'' Arratia, 1981 * Family Chongichthyidae Arratia, 1982 ** ''

Chongichthys ''Chongichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Quebrada El Profeta of Chile.psopelicidae Romer, 1966; Syllaemidae Cragin, 1901; Pelecorapidae Cragin, 1901*** '' Apsopelix'' Cope, 1871 'Helmintholepis'' Cockerell, 1919; ''Leptichthys">Helmintholepis.html" ;"title="'Helmintholepis">'Helmintholepis'' Cockerell, 1919; ''Leptichthys'' Stewart, 1899; ''Palaeoclupea'' Dante, 1942; ''Pelecorapis'' Cope, 1874; ''Syllaemus'' Cope, 1875] *** '' Crossognathus'' Pictet, 1858 * Suborder Pachyrhizodontoidei Forey, 1977 ** Family Notelopidae Forey, 1977 *** '' Notelops'' Woodward, 1901 ** Family Pachyrhizodontidae Cope, 1872 reenwoodellidae Taverne, 1973; Thrissopatrinae Boulenger, 1904b*** '' Apricenapiscis'' Taverne, 2013 *** '' Aquilopiscis'' Cumbaa & Murray, 2008 *** '' Cavinichthys'' Taverne & Capasso, 2019 *** '' Elopopsis'' Heckel, 1856 *** '' Goulmimichthys'' Cavin, 1995 *** '' Greenwoodella'' Taverne & Ross, 1973 *** '' Hemielopopsis'' Bassani, 1879 *** '' Lebrunichthys'' Taverne & Capasso, 2020 *** ''

Michin Stephanie Hym Lee (née Bell; born April 16, 1989) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE, where she performs on the Raw brand under the ring name "Michin" Mia Yim. She is a member of The O.C.. She is also known for her ti ...

'' Alvarado-Ortega ''et al.'', 2008 *** '' Motlayoichthys'' Arratia ''et al.'', 2018 *** '' Nardopiscis'' Taverne, 2008 *** '' Pachyrhizodus'' Dixon, 1850 'Acrodontosaurus'' Mason, 1869; ''Eurychir">Acrodontosaurus.html" ;"title="'Acrodontosaurus">'Acrodontosaurus'' Mason, 1869; ''Eurychir'' Jordan, 1924; ''Oricardinus'' Cope, 1872; ''Thrissopater'' Günther, 1872 sensu Forey, 1977] *** ''Phacolepis'' Agassiz, 1841 [''

Rhacolepis ''Rhacolepis'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil. Complete fossilised hearts from this species have been recovered. References Crossognathiformes Prehistoric ray-finned fish ...

'' Agassiz, 1841 non Frenguelli, 1942] *** ''

Platinx ''Platinx'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. References Crossognathiformes {{paleo-rayfinned-fish-stub ...

'' Agassiz, 1835 *** '' Polcynichthys'' London & Shimada, 2020 *** ''

'' Agassiz, 1843 *** '' Stanhopeichthys'' Taverne & Capasso, 2020 *** '' Tingitanichthys'' Taverne, 1996

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1500px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-145.5 till:0 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-145.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-145.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text: Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:

Late Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, ...

from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text: Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text: Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text: Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:

Pl. PL, P.L., Pl, or .pl may refer to: Businesses and organizations Government and political * Partit Laburista, a Maltese political party * Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006), a Brazilian political party * Liberal Party (Moldova), a Moldovan political p ...

from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM1 from:-130 till:-99.6 text: Crossognathus color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM2 from:-125 till:-120.67 text: Greenwoodella color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-125 till:-112 text:

Araripichthys ''Araripichthys'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived from the Aptian to Coniacian stages of the Cretaceous period. The genus is named after the Araripe Basin, where it was found in the Crato and Santana Formations. Other fossils ...

color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-115.25 till:-112 text:

color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM5 from:-112 till:-89.3 text: Plethodus color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-112 till:-70.6 text:

Pachyrizodus ''Pachyrhizodus'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived during the Late Cretaceous, Cretaceous to Paleocene in what is now Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. Many species are known, primarily from the Cretaceous of Eng ...

color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-112 till:-65.5 text: Apsopelix color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Paranogmius color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Protobrama color:latecretaceous bar:NAM10 from:-99.6 till:-89.3 text: Tselfatia color:latecretaceous bar:NAM11 from:-99.6 till:-70.6 text: Elopopsis color:latecretaceous bar:NAM12 from:-93.5 till:-89.3 text:

Enischorhynchus ''Enischorhynchus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Turonian of southern Texas. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish References

Tselfatiiformes Late Cretaceous fish Prehistor ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM13 from:-89.3 till:-85.8 text: Luxilites color:latecretaceous bar:NAM14 from:-89.3 till:-85.8 text:

Martinichthys ''Martinichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish from the Cretaceous of North America. It is known from the Niobrara Chalk The Niobrara Formation , also called the Niobrara Chalk, is a geologic formation in North America that wa ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM15 from:-89.3 till:-83.5 text:

Niobrara Niobrara may refer to: * Niobrara, Nebraska * Niobrara County, Wyoming * Niobrara River * Niobrara National Scenic River * Niobrara Formation, a geological unit * Niobrara Township, Knox County, Nebraska Niobrara Township is one of thirty towns ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM16 from:-89.3 till:-83.5 text:

Syntengmodus ''Syntegmodus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM17 from:-89.3 till:-70.6 text: Bananogmius color:latecretaceous bar:NAM18 from:-85.8 till:-83.5 text: Zanclites color:latecretaceous bar:NAM19 from:-83.5 till:-70.6 text:

Moorevillia ''Moorevillia'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Campanian. It is known from the Mooreville Chalk Formation The Mooreville Chalk is a geological formation in North America, within the U.S. states of Alabama a ...

color:eocene bar:NAM20 from:-55.8 till:-33.9 text:

Platinx ''Platinx'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. References Crossognathiformes {{paleo-rayfinned-fish-stub ...

PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text: Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:

from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:era from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

Bibliography

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1141517 Prehistoric ray-finned fish orders