''Corydalis solida'', fumewort or bird-in-a-bush, is a

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan dis ...

native Native may refer to: People * '' Jus sanguinis'', nationality by blood * '' Jus soli'', nationality by location of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Nat ...

to moist, shady habitats in northern Europe and Asia. Growing to , it is a

spring ephemeral An ephemeral plant is a plant with a very short life cycle or very short period of active growth, often one that grows only during brief periods when conditions are favorable. Several types of ephemeral plants exist. The first, spring ephemeral, r ...

, with foliage that appears in spring and dies down to its

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure that plants use as storage organs for nutrients, derived from stems or roots. Tubers help plants perennate (survive winter or dry months), provide energy and nutrients, and are a means of asexual reproduc ...

ous rootstock in summer. It is cultivated for its deeply divided, ferny leaves and narrow, long-spurred flowers which appear in spring. The flowers show color variation, and may be mauve, purple, red, or white.

Systematics

The species was originally named in 1753 by

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

as the variety ''solida'' of his ''Fumaria bulbosa''. It was raised to the species ''F. solida'' by

Philip Miller Philip Miller Royal Society, FRS (1691 – 18 December 1771) was an English botany, botanist and gardener of Scottish descent. Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden for nearly 50 years from 1722, and wrote the highly popular ...

in 1771. Its current assignment to the genus ''Corydalis'' was made by

Joseph Philippe de Clairville Joseph Philippe de Clairville (1742 – 31 July 1830) was a notable French people, French botanist and entomologist, who was mainly active in Switzerland. De Clairville’s collection of Coleoptera, his chief interest, is in the Natural History Mu ...

in 1811. pp. 40-47 Four subspecies are recognized: * ''C. solida'' subsp. ''incisa'' Lidén * ''C. solida'' subsp. ''longicarpa'' Lidén * ''C. solida'' subsp. ''solida'' * ''C. solida'' subsp. ''subremota'' Popov ex Lidén & Zetterlund *''C. solida'' subsp. ''incisa'' (pale purple flowers) has gained the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr ...

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. It includes the full range of cultivated p ...

References

External links

Distribution map
at Virtuella floran solida Ephemeral plants Flora of Europe Garden plants Flora of Lebanon Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Papaveraceae-stub