The Comprehensive Peace Accord (;
abbreviated
An abbreviation () is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing per ...
CPA) was signed on 21 November 2006 between the
Government of Nepal
The Government of Nepal () is the central executive authority of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The government is led by the Prime Minister of Nepal, prime minister (K. P. Sharma Oli, K.P. Oli since 15 July 2024) who selects all the o ...
and the
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) (), abbreviated CPN (Maoist Centre) or CPN (MC), is the third largest List of political parties in Nepal, political party in Nepal and a member party of Socialist Front (Nepal), Samajbadi Morcha. I ...
—at the time known as the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
Highlights of the peace accord
The peace accord marked the formal end of the
Nepalese Civil War
The Nepalese Civil War was a protracted armed conflict that took place in the then Kingdom of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. It saw countrywide fighting between the Kingdom rulers and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), with the latter making ...
that began in 1996. It included the following provisions:
* The
Maoist People's Liberation Army to be placed in temporary cantonments, where they would be rehabilitated and re-integrated into the society, and the monarchist army to be confined within the barracks. Both armies to be monitored and supervised by the
United Nations Mission in Nepal, as per the earlier agreement reached between the government and the Maoists.
* Strict implementation of all previous pacts/agreements reached between the government and Maoists.
* Termination of the military action and the armed mobilization. Both sides to stop attacks or any kind of violent and offensive activities from either side; no new recruitment in armed forces of both sides and no transportation of arms and ammunition and explosives.
* Both sides to assist each other to maintain law, peace, and order
* Both sides to fully commit themselves to uphold all international human rights laws and civil liberties, and the
to monitor the human rights situation.
* The King to be stripped of political rights and his property to be nationalized under public trusts.
* Scrapping of the Maoists' parallel administration (People's governments, People's Courts) across the country.
* Strong punitive policy to curb corruption and confiscation of property earned illegally through corruption
* Formation of National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission,
Truth Commission
A truth commission, also known as a truth and reconciliation commission or truth and justice commission, is an official body tasked with discovering and revealing past wrongdoing by a government (or, depending on the circumstances, non-state ac ...
, and a high-level ''Commission for State Restructuring''.
* Respectful rehabilitation and social integration of the people displaced during the insurgency
Implementation
CPA's implementation has been a topic of intense debate over the years. The Maoist army has been confined within temporary cantonments that are verified and monitored by the United Nations (UNMIN). Their arms have been locked in the cantonment and guarded by
United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN). An equal number of arms of
Nepal Army has also been guarded by the UNMIN.
As of 2007, properties confiscated by Maoists had not been fully returned.
There was disagreement between Maoists and other parties on issues of integration of the Maoist army into the Nepal army. Former Prime Minister
Madav Kumar Nepal says that the Maoist army will be rehabilitated and integrated into the Nepal Army but key coalition partners of the
Nepali Congress
The Nepali Congress ( ; Abbreviation, abbr. NC), colloquially the Congress Party, or simply the Congress, is a Social democracy, social democratic List of political parties in Nepal, political party in Nepal and the largest party in the country ...
and Madhesi Janadhikar Forum are vehemently opposed to the idea. Even the former Defence Minister
Bidhya Devi Bhandari is strongly against the deal.
After a second round of verification, 4,008 verified minor and late recruits were released from cantonments beginning in January 2010. Among the released 4,008 ex-combatants from seven main camps and other 21 satellite camps located at various parts of the country, 2,973 were verified minors (who were under 18 when the peace deal was signed on November 21, 2006) and 1,035 were late recruits (recruited after November 21, 2006). the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
was providing four types of rehabilitation packages for released ex-combatants which include vocational training, sponsoring school education, health education training and supporting small business initiatives. Research was done to identify how the private sector could support the rehabilitation program and help in consolidating peace.
On 10 February 2015,
the
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
A truth commission, also known as a truth and reconciliation commission or truth and justice commission, is an official body tasked with discovering and revealing past wrongdoing by a government (or, depending on the circumstances, non-state ac ...
was created, with Ganesh Dutta Bhatta as chairperson.
References
External links
Information on the Comprehensive Peace Accord {{small, (PDF)Full Text of Nepal Comprehensive Peace Agreement
UN Peacemaker
Text of all peace accords for Nepal
UN Peacemaker
Peace treaties
History of Nepal (1951–2008)
Politics of Nepal
Treaties of Nepal
Treaties concluded in 2006
Treaties entered into force in 2006
2006 in Nepal
Politics of the Nepalese Civil War