A common data model (CDM) can refer to any standardised data model which allows for

data In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpret ...

and information exchange between different applications and

data sources In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpret ...

. Common data models aim to standardise logical infrastructure so that related applications can "operate on and share the same data", and can be seen as a way to "organize data from many sources that are in different formats into a standard structure". A common data model has been described as one of the components of a " strong information system". A standardised common data model has also been described as a typical component of a well designed

agile application An agile application is the result of service-oriented architecture and agile development paradigms. An agile application is distinguished from average applications in that it is a loosely coupled set of services with a decoupled orchestration lay ...

besides a common communication protocol. Providing a single common data model within an organisation is one of the typical tasks of a data warehouse.

Examples of common data models

Border crossings

X-trans.eu was a cross-border pilot project between the Free State of Bavaria (Germany) and

Upper Austria Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, an ...

with the aim of developing a faster procedure for the application and approval of cross-border large-capacity transports. The portal was based on a common data model that contained all the information required for approval.

Climate data

Th
Climate Data Store Common Data Model
is a common data model set up by the Copernicus Climate Change Service for harmonising essential climate variables from different sources and data providers.

General information technology

Within service-oriented architecture, S-RAMP is a specification released by HP, IBM,

Software AG Founded in 1969, Software AG is an enterprise software company with over 10,000 enterprise customers in over 70 countries. The company is the second largest software vendor in Germany, and the seventh largest in Europe. Software AG is traded on t ...

, TIBCO, and Red HatBoris Lublinsky HP, IBM, Software AG and TIBCO Releases Version 0.9 of the SOA Repository Specification - http://www.infoq.com/news/2010/04/SOARepository InfoQ, April 27, 2010 which defines a common data model for SOA repositoriesKurt Stam, Eric Wittmann S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 1: Foundation - http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part1-foundation.html OASIS, December 23, 2013 as well as an interaction protocol to facilitate the use of common tooling and sharing of data.Martin Smithson, Vincent Brunssen S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 2: Atom Binding - http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part2-atom-binding.html OASIS, December 23, 2013

Content Management Interoperability Services Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) is an open standard that allows different content management systems to inter-operate over the Internet. Specifically, CMIS defines an abstraction layer for controlling diverse document managem ...

(CMIS) is an open standard for inter-operation of different

content management system A content management system (CMS) is computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content ( content management).''Managing Enterprise Content: A Unified Content Strategy''. Ann Rockley, Pamela Kostur, Steve Manning. New ...

s over the internet, and provides a common data model for typed files and folders used with

version control In software engineering, version control (also known as revision control, source control, or source code management) is a class of systems responsible for managing changes to computer programs, documents, large web sites, or other collections o ...

. The NetCDF software libraries for array-oriented scientific data implements a common data model called the NetCDF Java common data model, which consists of three layers built on top of each other to add successively richer semantics.

Health

Within genomic and medical data, the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) research program established under the U.S.

National Institutes of Health The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U ...

has created a common data model for claims and electronic health records which can accommodate data from different sources around the world. PCORnet, which was developed by the

Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is a United States-based non-profit institute created through the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. It is a government-sponsored organization charged with funding comparativ ...

, is another common data model for health data including electronic health records and patient claims. The JANUS clinical trial data repository also provides a common data model which is based on the SDTM standard to represent clinical data submitted to regulatory agencies, such as tabulation datasets, patient profiles, listings, etc.

Logistics

SX000i SX000i - ''International guide for the use of the S-Series of Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) specifications'', is a specification developed jointly by a multinational team from the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) an ...

is a specification developed jointly by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) and the American Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) to provide information, guidance and instructions to ensure compatibility and the commonality. The associated SX002D specification contains a common data model.

Microsoft Common Data Model

The Microsoft Common Data Model is a collection of many standardised extensible data schemas with entities, attributes, semantic metadata, and relationships, which represent commonly used concepts and activities in various businesses areas such as "automotive, banking, commerce, educational, healthcare, marketing, sales, legal and non-profit institutions". It is maintained by

Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation, multinational technology company, technology corporation producing Software, computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at th ...

and its partners, and is published on

GitHub GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, co ...

. Microsoft's Common Data Model is used amongst others in Microsoft Dataverse and with various Microsoft Power Platform and Microsoft Dynamics 365 services.

Rail transport

RailTopoModel RailTopoModel is a systemic data model for describing the topology-based railway infrastructure as needed by various applications. The RailTopoModel has been initially developed under patronage of the International Union of Railways (UIC) and was r ...

is a common data model for the railway sector.

Other

There are many more examples of various common data models for different uses published by different sources.Common Data Model - Evolveum Docs
/ref>

References

{{Data model Sharing Information theory Data modeling Application software Databases