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''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the
Several species are used in
type genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nomina ...
of the family Combretaceae
The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in ca 10 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, '' Combr ...
. The genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
comprises about 272 species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
of tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
and southern Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
, about 5 to Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
, but there are others that are native to tropical Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...
, New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...
and the Bismarck Archipelago
The Bismarck Archipelago (, ) is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square km.
History
The first inhabitants o ...
, Australia, and tropical America
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territor ...
. Though somewhat reminiscent of willow
Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist ...
s (''Salix'') in their habitus
Habitus may refer to:
* Habitus (biology), a term commonly used in biology as being less ambiguous than "habit"
* Habitus (sociology), embodied dispositions or tendencies that organize how people perceive and respond to the world around them
* ' ...
, they are not particularly close relatives of these.
Ecology
Bushwillow trees often are important plants in theirhabitat
In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...
. Savannah
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to ...
s in Africa, in particular those growing on granitic
A granitoid is a generic term for a diverse category of coarse-grained igneous rocks that consist predominantly of quartz, plagioclase, and alkali feldspar. Granitoids range from plagioclase-rich tonalites to alkali-rich syenites and from quart ...
soils, are often dominated by ''Combretum'' and its close relative '' Terminalia''. For example, ''C. apiculatum'' is a notable tree in the Angolan mopane woodlands
Angolan mopane woodlands are situated in southwestern Angola, extending into northern Namibia. This ecosystem surrounds Etosha Pan, which is considered a separate ecoregion. The mopane trees are the main type of vegetation.
Location and descrip ...
ecoregion in the Kunene River
The Cunene (Portuguese spelling) or Kunene (common Namibian spelling) is a river in Southern Africa. It flows from the Angola highlands south to the border with Namibia. It then flows west along the border until it reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It ...
basin in southern Africa.
Other species of this genus are a major component of Southwestern Amazonian moist forests
The Southwest Amazon moist forests (NT0166) is an ecoregion located in the Upper Amazon basin.
The forest is characterized by a relatively flat landscape with alluvial plains dissected by undulating hills or high terraces. The biota of the south ...
. This genus contains several species that are pollinated
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind. Pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, birds, ...
by mammals other than bats, which is quite rare indeed. But most species are more conventionally pollinated by insect
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs ...
s or bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...
s.
''Typhlodromus combretum
''Typhlodromus'' is a genus of predatory mites belonging to the family Phytoseiidae. Members of this genus feed largely on other mites, such as red spider mites, and several species that are popular as biological control agents to control these ...
'', a mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear evid ...
of the family Phytoseiidae
The Phytoseiidae are a family of mites which feed on thrips and other mite species. They are often used as a biological control agent for managing mite pests. Because of their usefulness as biological control agents, interest in Phytoseiidae has ...
, was discovered on a bushwillow plant and is named after this genus. Other herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthp ...
s that eat ''Combretum'' foliage include the caterpillar
Caterpillars ( ) are the larva, larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterfly, butterflies and moths).
As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawfly ...
s of the Brown Awl
''Badamia exclamationis'', commonly known as the brown awl or narrow-winged awl,Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera. Page on genuTOL web page on genu''Badamia''/ref> is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is found in south an ...
(''Badamia exclamationis'') which is found on '' C. albidum, C. latifolium'' and '' C. ovalifolium''; those of the Orange-tailed Awl
''Bibasis sena'', commonly known as the orange-tailed awlet, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae, the skippers.Markku Savela's website on LepidopterPage on genus ''Bibasis''./ref> It is also sometimes called the pale green awlet t ...
(''Bibasis sena'') are recorded from '' C. extensum'' and ''C. latifolium''.
Use by humans
Several species are used in African
African or Africans may refer to:
* Anything from or pertaining to the continent of Africa:
** People who are native to Africa, descendants of natives of Africa, or individuals who trace their ancestry to indigenous inhabitants of Africa
*** Et ...
or Indian
Indian or Indians may refer to:
Peoples South Asia
* Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor
** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country
* South Asia ...
herbal medicine. The class of chemical compounds known as combretastatin
Combretastatin is a dihydrostilbenoid found in '' Combretum caffrum''.
As a class
Combretastatins are a class of natural phenols. A variety of different natural combretastatin molecules are present in the bark of '' Combretum caffrum'', commonl ...
s were first isolated from South African Bushwillow (''Combretum caffrum''), from which they get their name. One synthetic derivative
In mathematics, the derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value). Derivatives are a fundamental tool of calculus. ...
, fosbretabulin disodium
Fosbretabulin (also known as combretastatin A-4 phosphate or CA4P) is a microtubule destabilizing experimental drug, a type of vascular-targeting agent, a drug designed to damage the vasculature (blood vessels) of cancer tumours causing central ne ...
(combretastatin A4 phosphate), underwent preliminary study for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), also known as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells in the thyroid gland. This form of cancer generally carries a very poor prognosis du ...
, but it was not effective enough to progress to more advanced trials. ''C. molle
''Combretum molle'', the velvet bushwillow, is a medium to large tree species in the genus ''Combretum'' found in western, eastern and southern Africa.
The larvae of ''Parosmodes morantii'' and '' Acalyptris molleivora'' feed on ''C. molle''. I ...
'' is also recorded to contain antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. This can lead to polymerization and other chain reactions. They are frequently added to industrial products, such as fuels and lubricants ...
s such as punicalagin
Punicalagin is an ellagitannin, a type of phenolic compound. It is found as alpha and beta isomers in pomegranates (''Punica granatum''), ''Terminalia catappa'', ''Terminalia myriocarpa'', and in ''Combretum molle'', the velvet bushwillow, a plant ...
, which is also found in pomegranate
The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall.
The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean re ...
s (''Punica granatum''), a somewhat related plant.
The botanist George Don
George Don (29 April 1798 – 25 February 1856) was a Scottish botanist and plant collector.
Life and career
George Don was born at Doo Hillock, Forfar, Angus, Scotland on 29 April 1798 to Caroline Clementina Stuart and George Don (b.1756), ...
studied this genus extensively. The Luvuvhu River
The Levubu River or Levuvhu ( ts, Rivubye; ve, Luvuvhu) is located in the northern Limpopo province of South Africa. Some of its tributaries, such as the Mutshindudi River and Mutale River rise in the Soutpansberg Mountains.
The Luvuvhu River f ...
in southern Africa was named after the river's bushwillows ('' C. erythrophyllum''), locally known as ''muvuvhu''.
Species
As of April 2021, there are 272 accepted species of ''Combretum'': *'' Combretum aculeatum'' *''Combretum acuminatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum acutifolium
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum acutum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum adenogonium''
*''Combretum adrianii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum afzelii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum alatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum albiflorum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum albopunctatum''
*'' Combretum alfredi''
*''Combretum andongense
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum andradae
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum angolense''
*'' Combretum angustipetalum''
*''Combretum annulatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum apetalum''
*''Combretum aphanopetalum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum apiculatum
''Combretum apiculatum'' is a species of tree in the family Combretaceae known by the common name red bushwillow. It is native to the mesic to semi-arid savanna regions of Africa, southwards of the equator.
Description
This is a deciduous, semi- ...
''
*'' Combretum argenteum''
*''Combretum argyrotrichum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum assimile
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but ther ...
''
*''Combretum atropurpureum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*'' Combretum aureonitens''
*''Combretum auriculatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum barbatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum batesii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum bauchiense
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*'' Combretum baumii''
*''Combretum bipindense
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum blepharopetalum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*'' Combretum boinensis''
*''Combretum bracteatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum bracteosum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum brassiciforme''
*''Combretum brevistylum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum brunneum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but ther ...
''
*''Combretum butyrosum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum cacoucia
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum caffrum
''Combretum caffrum'' is the Eastern Cape South African bushwillow tree.
Biochemistry
In ''C. caffrum'', combretastatins A-1, A-4 and B-1 can be found.Combretum camporum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum capitatum''
*'' Combretum capituliflorum''
*''Combretum capuronii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum carringtonianum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum caudatisepalum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum celastroides
''Combretum celastroides'' is a species of flowering plant in the bushwillow genus ''Combretum'', family Combretaceae. It is found in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia
Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in ...
''
*''Combretum chinense
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but ther ...
''
*''Combretum chionanthoides
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum cinereopetalum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum cinnabarinum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum clarense
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but ther ...
''
*''Combretum coccineum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum collinum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum comosum''
*''Combretum conchipetalum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum confertum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum × confusum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum congolanum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum constrictum
''Combretum constrictum'' is a flowering tree species endemic to tropical Africa, within Afrotropic ecoregions.
Countries it is native to include: Kenya; Tanzania, Somalia, Mozambique, and Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, ...
''
*''Combretum contractum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum coriifolium
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum coursianum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum cuspidatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum decandrum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum decaryi
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum deciduum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum demeusei
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum discolor
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but ther ...
''
*''Combretum dolichopodum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*'' Combretum duarteanum''
*''Combretum echirense
''Combretum echirense'' is a species of flowering plant first species description, formally named by C.C.H. Jongkind in 1993.Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Dec ...
''
*''Combretum edwardsii
''Combretum edwardsii'', the Natal combretum or forest climbing bushwillow, is an uncommon forest plant endemic to the mistbelt region of eastern South Africa. It has a climbing habit and the stems may often lie prostrate on the forest floor or o ...
''
*''Combretum elaeagnoides
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa
Africa is the world's ...
''
*''Combretum engleri
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but ther ...
''
*''Combretum eriogynum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum erosum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum erythrophloeum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum erythrophyllum
''Combretum erythrophyllum'', commonly known as the river bushwillow, is a medium to large-sized, spreading tree found in bush along river banks in southern Africa. It is planted as a shade and ornamental tree in South Africa and the United State ...
''
*'' Combretum esteriense''
*''Combretum evisceratum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum exalatum''
*''Combretum exannulatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum excelsum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum exellii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum falcatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum farinosum
''Combretum farinosum'' is a species of bushwillow in the genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification ...
''
*''Combretum flammeum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum foliatum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum frangulifolium
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum fruticosum
''Combretum fruticosum'', known as orange flame vine or chameleon vine, is a species of bushwillow that occurs from Mexico to northern Argentina.
Description
The orange flame vine is a liana that reaches up to in height without a support a ...
''
*'' Combretum fulvum''
*''Combretum fuscum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum gabonense
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but ther ...
''
*''Combretum germainii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum ghesquierei''
*''Combretum gillettianum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*'' Combretum glabrum''
*''Combretum glaucocarpum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum glutinosum
''Combretum glutinosum'' is a shrub species of the genus ''Combretum'', found in the Sahel belt in parts of Senegal, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, the Gambia, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon, across to parts of Sudan. It is known as dooki in Pulaar, K ...
''
*'' Combretum goetzei''
*'' Combretum goldieanum''
*'' Combretum goossensii''
*''Combretum gordonii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum gossweileri
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum gracile
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*'' Combretum graciliflorum''
*''Combretum grandidieri
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to Tropics, tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, ...
''
*''Combretum grandiflorum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but th ...
''
*''Combretum griffithii
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum harmsianum
''Combretum'', the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but the ...
''
*''Combretum harrisii''
*''Combretum hartmannianum''
*''Combretum haullevilleanum''
*''Combretum hensii''
*''Combretum hereroense''
*''Combretum hilarianum''
*''Combretum holstii''
*''Combretum homalioides''
*''Combretum igneiflorum''
*''Combretum illairii''
*''Combretum imberbe''
*''Combretum indicum''
*''Combretum inflatum''
*''Combretum ivanii''
*''Combretum kasaiense''
*''Combretum kirkii''
*''Combretum klossii''
*''Combretum klotzschii''
*''Combretum kostermansii''
*''Combretum kraussii''
*''Combretum lanceolatum''
*''Combretum lanuginosum''
*''Combretum latialatum''
*''Combretum latifolium''
*''Combretum laxum''
*''Combretum lecardii''
*''Combretum leprosum''
*''Combretum lindense''
*''Combretum lisowskii''
*''Combretum littoreum''
*''Combretum llewelynii''
*''Combretum lokele''
*''Combretum longicollum''
*''Combretum longipilosum''
*''Combretum longispicatum''
*''Combretum longistipitatum''
*''Combretum louisii''
*''Combretum lukafuensis''
*''Combretum luxenii''
*''Combretum macrocalyx''
*''Combretum malabaricum''
*''Combretum mannii''
*''Combretum marginatum''
*''Combretum marquesii''
*''Combretum mellifluum''
*''Combretum meridionalis''
*''Combretum micranthum''
*''Combretum microphyllum''
*''Combretum mkuzense''
*''Combretum moggii''
*''Combretum molle''
*''Combretum monetaria''
*''Combretum mooreanum''
*''Combretum mortehanii''
*''Combretum mossambicense''
*''Combretum mucronatum''
*''Combretum multinervium''
*''Combretum mussaendiflorum''
*''Combretum mweroense''
*''Combretum nanum''
*''Combretum ndjoleense''
*''Combretum nigrescens''
*''Combretum nigricans''
*''Combretum nioroense''
*''Combretum niphophilum''
*''Combretum nusbaumeri''
*''Combretum oatesii''
*''Combretum obovatum''
*''Combretum obscurum''
*''Combretum octagonum''
*''Combretum olivaceum''
*''Combretum oudenhovenii''
*''Combretum ovalifolium''
*''Combretum oxygonium''
*''Combretum oxystachyum''
*''Combretum oyemense''
*''Combretum padoides''
*''Combretum paniculatum''
*''Combretum paradoxum''
*''Combretum paraguariense''
*''Combretum patelliforme''
*''Combretum paucinervium''
*''Combretum pavonii''
*''Combretum pecoense''
*''Combretum pellegrinianum''
*''Combretum pentagonum''
*''Combretum petrophilum''
*''Combretum phaeocarpum''
*''Combretum pilosum''
*''Combretum pisoniiflorum''
*''Combretum pisonioides''
*''Combretum platypterum''
*''Combretum polyanthum''
*''Combretum polystictum''
*''Combretum procursum''
*''Combretum psidioides''
*''Combretum punctatum''
*''Combretum purpureiflorum''
*''Combretum pyramidatum''
*''Combretum pyrifolium''
*''Combretum quadrangulare''
*''Combretum quadratum''
*''Combretum rabiense''
*''Combretum racemosum''
*''Combretum razianum''
*''Combretum recurvatum''
*''Combretum relictum''
*''Combretum rhodanthum''
*''Combretum riggenbachianum''
*''Combretum robustum''
*''Combretum robynsii''
*''Combretum rochetianum''
*''Combretum rohrii''
*''Combretum rotundifolium''
*''Combretum rovirosae''
*''Combretum roxburghii''
*''Combretum rupestre''
*''Combretum rupicola''
*''Combretum sanjappae''
*''Combretum scandens''
*''Combretum schumannii''
*''Combretum sericeum''
*''Combretum shivannae''
*''Combretum sordidum''
*''Combretum sphaeroides''
*''Combretum spinosum''
*''Combretum stenopterum''
*''Combretum stocksii''
*''Combretum struempellianum''
*''Combretum stylesii''
*''Combretum subglabratum''
*''Combretum subumbellatum''
*''Combretum sundaicum''
*''Combretum sylvicola''
*''Combretum tarquense''
*''Combretum tenuipetiolatum''
*''Combretum tessmannii''
*''Combretum tetragonocarpum''
*''Combretum tetralophoides''
*''Combretum tetralophum''
*''Combretum teuschii''
*''Combretum tibatiense''
*''Combretum tomentosum''
*''Combretum towaense''
*''Combretum trichophyllum''
*''Combretum trifoliatum''
*''Combretum ulei''
*''Combretum umbricola''
*''Combretum vendae''
*''Combretum vernicosum''
*''Combretum villosum''
*''Combretum violaceum''
*''Combretum virgatum''
*''Combretum viscosum''
*''Combretum wallichii''
*''Combretum wattii''
*''Combretum wilksii''
*''Combretum winitii''
*''Combretum xanthothyrsum''
*''Combretum youngii''
*''Combretum zenkeri''
*''Combretum zeyheri''
References
External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1777188 Combretum, Medicinal plants Myrtales genera