Rein Raud (born 21 December 1961) is an Estonian scholar and author.

Early life

He was born in 1961 in the family of Eno Raud and

Aino Pervik Aino Pervik (born 22 April 1932 in Rakvere) is an Estonian children's writer, and translator. She is "considered the bravest children's writer" in contemporary Estonia, as "she takes on difficult themes of immigration, cultural conflict, corrupt ...

, both children's authors. He is the eldest of three children. His younger brother Mihkel Raud is a playwright, television personality, singer, guitarist, journalist and member of the Estonian Parliament; his sister Piret Raud is an artist and translator. He is the grandson of playwright, poet and writer Mart Raud. He graduated from the Leningrad State University (now called

Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU; russian: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the G ...

) in 1985 in Japanese Studies and earned a PhD degree in Literary Theory at the University of Helsinki in 1994.

Career

Raud is an honorary doctor of the University of Latvia and the Vytautas Magnus University. Raud has worked in the Estonian Institute of Humanities (now a part of Tallinn University) and the University of Helsinki, where he served as a professor in the Department of World Cultures till 2016. From 2006 to 2011 Raud served as the first rector of the Tallinn University. In 2011-14 he was the President of the European Association for Japanese Studies. Currently he is a research professor at the School of Humanities, Tallinn University. As a scholar, Raud has published on a wide range of subjects from cultural theory to pre-modern Japanese literature and philosophy, both in English and Estonian. His theoretical project combines the cultural semiotics of the Eco and Lotman traditions with anthropological and sociological approaches (particularly those of

Bourdieu Pierre Bourdieu (; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence ...

and Alexander) in order to achieve a more holistic understanding of cultural phenomena. His work on Japan has dealt with some of the most important philosophical thinkers, notably Dōgen and

Nishida Kitarō was a Japanese moral philosopher, philosopher of mathematics and science, and religious scholar. He was the founder of what has been called the Kyoto School of philosophy. He graduated from the University of Tokyo during the Meiji period in 18 ...

. As an author, Raud has published five collections of poetry, seven novels and several collections of short stories and plays. He has received the Estonian Cultural Endowment Annual Prize for ''Hektor and Bernard'' (2004) and ''The Reconstruction'' (2012) as well as the Vilde Prize for ''Vend'' (''Brother'', 2008). ''The Reconstruction'', ''The Brother'' and ''The Death of the Perfect Sentence'', his latest novel to date, have been published in English. Raud has also frequently contributed to the Estonian public debate by opinion pieces, essays and critical newspaper columns, in which he has expressed left-liberal views and criticised nationalist attitudes. In 2003, he received the prize of the Estonian Journalists' Union for a series of articles criticising the American invasion of Iraq and the Estonian support to it. In 2003-2004 he hosted a philosophical talk show on the Estonian TV called ''Vita brevis''. Raud is also well known for his translations of Japanese classical literature into Estonian. These include ''Süda on ainuke lill'' (''Heart is the Only Flower'', anthology of waka poetry, 1994), ''Hullunud pilv'' (''The Crazy Cloud'' by Ikkyu, 2010) and ''Mäetipp järve põhjas'' (''The Mountain Peak on the Bottom of the Lake'', anthology of haiku poetry, 2008). He has also translated Dante Alighieri's ''

Vita Nova Vita Nova (meaning New Life in Latin) was a Swiss publishing house in Lucerne, Switzerland, that was established in January 1934 and co-founded by Rudolf Roessler along with the Catholic bookseller Josef Stocker and the financier Henriette Racine. I ...

'' into Estonian. Raud has been awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star (Japan, 2011), the

Order of the White Star The Order of the White Star ( et, Valgetähe teenetemärk; french: Ordre de l'Etoile Blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic ...

, 3rd Class (Estonia, 2001) and the Commander's Cross for services to Lithuania (2009).

Cognitive adequacy

Cognitive adequacy is a term proposed by Rein Raud as a standard of judging cultural phenomena. According to this method, a cultural phenomenon is cognitively adequate if it provides the means of solving certain problems in a certain socio-cultural context. This is true even when that solution is, according to other criteria, wrong. For example, before the

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

in the US many people thought that it is cognitively adequate to think of getting rich quickly through land speculation. All cultural phenomena are replaced by others when they are no longer cognitively adequate. For example, when a community has embraced a new religion, or when science has displaced religion as the primary explanatory discourse for their world.

Bibliography (academic works)

* Raud, Rein (2021): ''Being in Flux: A Post-Anthropocentric Ontology of the Self.'' Cambridge: Polity Press. * Raud, Rein (2016): ''Meaning in Action: Outline of an Integral Theory of Culture.'' Cambridge: Polity Press. * Raud, Rein and Zygmunt Bauman (2015): ''Practices of Selfhood.'' Cambridge: Polity Press. * Raud, Rein (2013): ''Mis on kultuur?'' hat is Culture?Tallinn: Tallinn University Press. * Raud, Rein and James W. Heisig, eds. (2010): ''Classical Japanese Philosophy.'' (Frontiers of Japanese Philosophy Series, vol.7) Nagoya: Nanzan Institute of Religion and Culture. * Raud, Rein, ed. (2007): ''Japan and Asian Modernities.'' London: Kegan Paul. * Raud, Rein and Mikko Lagerspetz (1997): ''Cultural Policy in Estonia.'' Strasbourg: Council of Europe. * Raud, Rein (1994): ''The Role of Poetry in Classical Japanese Literature: A Code and Discursivity Analysis.'' Tallinn: Eesti Humanitaarinstituut.

References

External links

*
Rein Raud's list of publications
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raud, Rein 1961 births Living people Writers from Tallinn People from Tallinn Saint Petersburg State University alumni University of Helsinki alumni Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class Deconstruction Postmodern theory Tallinn University faculty Japanologists Estonian scholars Estonian non-fiction writers Estonian male writers 20th-century Estonian writers 21st-century Estonian writers Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 3rd Class Male non-fiction writers