The ''Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals'' (''CPR'') is a

taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...

that defines and groups situations requiring a referral between

pharmacists A pharmacist, also known as a chemist in English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English, is a healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about preparation, mechanism of action, clinical usage and legislation of medications in ...

and

physicians A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis ...

regarding patients’ pharmacotherapy. It has been published in 2008. It is bilingual: English/Spanish (''Clasificación de Derivaciones Fármaco-terapéuticas''). It is a simple and efficient classification of pharmaco-therapeutic referrals between physicians and pharmacists permitting a common inter-professional language. It is adapted to any type of referrals among health professionals, and to increase its specificity it can be combined with ATC codes,

ICD-10 ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social cir ...

, and ICPC-2 PLUS. It is a part of the ''MEDAFAR Project'', whose objective is to improve, through different scientific activities, the coordination processes between physicians and pharmacists working in

primary health care Primary health care (PHC) is a whole-of-society approach to effectively organise and strengthen national health systems to bring services for health and wellbeing closer to communities. Primary health care enables health systems to support a pe ...

Supporting institutions

* Pharmaceutical Care Foundation of Spain (''Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España'') * Spanish Society of Primary Care Doctors (''Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria'') (SEMERGEN)

Authors

* Raimundo Pastor Sánchez ( Family practice, "Miguel de Cervantes" Primary Health Centre SERMAS

Alcalá de Henares Alcalá de Henares () is a Spanish municipality of the Community of Madrid. Housing is primarily located on the right (north) bank of the Henares River, Henares. , it has a population of 193,751, making it the region's third-most populated Municip ...

–

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

– Spain) * Carmen Alberola Gómez-Escolar (

Pharmacist A pharmacist, also known as a chemist in English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English, is a healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about preparation, mechanism of action, clinical usage and legislation of medications in ...

, Vice-president ''Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España'') * Flor Álvarez de Toledo Saavedra ( Community pharmacist, Past-President ''Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España'') * Nuria Fernández de Cano Martín ( Family practice, "Daroca" Primary Health Centre SERMAS

– Spain) * Nancy Solá Uthurry (Doctor in Pharmacy, ''Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España'')

Structure

It is structured in 4 chapters (E, I, N, S) and 38 rubrics. The terminology used follows the rules of ICPC-2.International Classification Committee of WONCA. ICPC-2 International Classification of Primary care (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1998. Each rubric consists in an alphanumeric code (the letter corresponds to the chapters and the number to the component) and each title of the rubric (the assigned name) is expressed and explained by: – A series of terms related with the title of the rubric. – A definition expressing the meaning of the rubric. – A list of inclusion criteria and another list with exclusion criteria to select and qualify the contents corresponding to a rubric. – Some example to illustrate every term. It also includes a glossary of 51 terms defined by consensus, an alphabetical index with 350 words used in the rubrics; and a standardized model of inter-professional referral form, to facilitate referrals from community pharmacists to primary care physicians.

Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals MEDAFAR

E. Effectiveness / efficiency

* E 0.

Effectiveness Effectiveness or effectivity is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression. Et ...

Efficiency Efficiency is the often measurable ability to avoid making mistakes or wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time while performing a task. In a more general sense, it is the ability to do things well, successfully, and without waste. ...

, unspecified * E 1. Indication * E 2. Prescription and dispensing conditions * E 3. Active substance / excipient * E 4. Pharmaceutical form / how supplied * E 5. Dosage * E 6.

Quality Quality may refer to: Concepts *Quality (business), the ''non-inferiority'' or ''superiority'' of something *Quality (philosophy), an attribute or a property *Quality (physics), in response theory *Energy quality, used in various science discipli ...

* E 7. Storage * E 8. Consumption * E 9. Outcome.

I. Information / health education

* I 0.

Information Information is an Abstraction, abstract concept that refers to something which has the power Communication, to inform. At the most fundamental level, it pertains to the Interpretation (philosophy), interpretation (perhaps Interpretation (log ...

/ Health education, unspecified * I 1. Situation / reason for encounter * I 2. Health problem * I 3. Complementary examination * I 4.

Risk In simple terms, risk is the possibility of something bad happening. Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health, well-being, wealth, property or the environ ...

* I 5. Pharmacological treatment * I 6. No pharmacological treatment * I 7. Treatment goal * I 8. Socio-healthcare system.

N. Need

* N 0.

Need A need is a deficiency at a point of time and in a given context. Needs are distinguished from wants. In the case of a need, a deficiency causes a clear adverse outcome: a dysfunction or death. In other words, a need is something required for a ...

, unspecified * N 1. Treatment based on

symptoms Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. Signs are objective and externally observable; symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences. A sign for example may be a higher or lower temperature ...

and/or signs * N 2. Treatment based on socio–

economic An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

work Work may refer to: * Work (human activity), intentional activity people perform to support themselves, others, or the community ** Manual labour, physical work done by humans ** House work, housework, or homemaking ** Working animal, an ani ...

issues * N 3. Treatment based on

public health Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the de ...

issues * N 4. Prevention * N 5. Healthcare provision * N 6. Complementary test for treatment control * N 7. Administrative activity * N 8. On

patient A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by Health professional, healthcare professionals. The patient is most often Disease, ill or Major trauma, injured and in need of therapy, treatment by a physician, nurse, op ...

request ( fears, doubts, wants).

S. Safety

* S 0.

Safety Safety is the state of being protected from harm or other danger. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk. Meanings The word 'safety' entered the English language in the 1 ...

, unspecified * S 1.

Toxicity Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacteria, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect o ...

* S 2. Interaction * S 3.

Allergy Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include Allergic rhinitis, hay fever, Food allergy, food al ...

* S 4.

Addiction Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repetitive drug use can ...

(dependence) * S 5. Other

side effects In medicine, a side effect is an effect of the use of a medicinal drug or other treatment, usually adverse but sometimes beneficial, that is unintended. Herbal and traditional medicines also have side effects. A drug or procedure usually used ...

* S 6.

Contraindication In medicine, a contraindication is a condition (a situation or factor) that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. Contraindication is the opposite of indication, which is a rea ...

* S 7. Medicalisation * S 8. Non-regulate substance * S 9.

Data Data ( , ) are a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted for ...

confidentiality Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise sometimes executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types of information. Legal confidentiality By law, la ...

References

Bibliography

Pastor Sánchez R, Alberola Gómez-Escolar C, Álvarez de Toledo Saavedra F, Fernández de Cano Martín N, Solá Uthurry N. Clasificación de Derivaciones Fármaco-terapéuticas (CDF). MEDAFAR. Madrid: IMC; 2008.
{{ISBN, 978-84-691-8426-4
Álvarez de Toledo Saavedra F, Fernández de Cano Martín N, coordinadores. MEDAFAR Asma. Madrid: IMC; 2007.

Álvarez de Toledo Saavedra F, Fernández de Cano Martín N, coordinadores. MEDAFAR Hipertensión. Madrid: IMC; 2007.

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Aranaz JM, Aibar C, Vitaller J, Ruiz P. Estudio Nacional sobre los Efectos Adversos ligados a la Hospitalización. ENEAS 2005. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo; 2006.

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Foro de Atención Farmacéutica. Documento de consenso 2008. Madrid: MSC, RANF, CGCOF, SEFAP, SEFAC, SEFH, FPCE, GIAFUG. 2008.
* García Olmos L. Análisis de la demanda derivada en las consultas de medicina general en España. Tesis doctoral. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 1993.
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* Gérvas J. Introducción a las classificaciones en Atención Primaria, con una valoración técnica de los "Consensos de Granada". Pharm Care Esp. 2003; 5(2):98-104. * Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Área 4 Atención Primaria de Madrid. Guía Farmacoterapéutica. Madrid; 2005. CD-ROM. * Ley 29/2006, de 26 de julio, de garantías y uso racional de los medicamentos y productos sanitarios. BOE. 2006 julio 27; (178): 28122–65. * Ley 41/2002, de 14 de noviembre, básica reguladora de la autonomía del paciente y de derechos y obligaciones en materia de información y documentación clínica. BOE. 2002 noviembre 15; (274): 40126–32. * Ley Orgánica 15/1999, de 13 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. BOE. 1999 diciembre 14; (298): 43088–99. * Organización Médica Colegial. Código de ética y deontología médica. Madrid: OMC; 1999. * Palacio Lapuente F. Actuaciones para la mejora de la seguridad del paciente en atención primaria ditorial FMC. 2008; 15(7): 405–7. * Panel de consenso ad hoc. Consenso de Granada sobre Problemas Relacionados con medicamentos. Pharm Care Esp. 1999; 1(2):107-12. * Prado Prieto L, García Olmos L, Rodríguez Salvanés F, Otero Puime A. Evaluación de la demanda derivada en atención primaria. Aten Primaria. 2005; 35:146-51. * Starfield B. Research in general practice: co-morbidity, referrals, and the roles of general practitioners and specialists. SEMERGEN. 2003; 29(Supl 1):7-16. * WONCA Classification Committee. An international glossary for general/family practice. Fam Pract. 1995; 12(3): 341–69.
World Alliance for Patient Safety. International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS). 2007.

External links

Classification of Pharmaco-Terapeutic Referrals (CPR)

Clasificación de Derivaciones Fármaco-terapéuticas (CDF)

MEDAFAR

SEMERGEN

Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España

ICPC-2e
(by the Norwegian Centre for Informatics in Health and Social Care)]
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

ICD-10

Código ATC (''Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical drug classification)''
Medical manuals Pharmacological classification systems Primary care Clinical procedure classification