Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family

Cixiidae The Cixiidae are a family of Fulgoroidea, fulgoroid insects, one of many families commonly known as planthoppers, distributed worldwide and comprising more than 2,000 species from over 150 Genus (biology), genera. Taxonomy Genera have been place ...

. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae. While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the

Fulgoroidea A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment ...

, neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002. Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.

Tribes

In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the

Cixiini Cixiini is a planthopper tribe in the family Cixiidae. This tribe is non-monophyletic.Ceotto, Paula, and Bourgoin, Thierry (2008) "Insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): cladistic analysis of a mo ...

and Oecleini of Muir; however, those divisions were seldom referred to and remained unanalysed for decades. Subsequently, the Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes. However, Oliarina was later synonymized under Pentastirina. In 2002, Emeljanov created seven new tribes and in 2004 subtribe Mnemosynina of tribe Pentastirini was raised to tribal level as the Mnemosynini.Abstract
/ref> Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description: * Andini Emeljanov, 2002 * Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989 * Bennini Metcalf, 1938 * Brixidiini Emeljanov, 2002 * Brixiini Emeljanov, 2002 * Cajetini Emeljanov, 2002 *

Muir, 1923 - non-monophyletic * Duiliini Emeljanov, 2002 * Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002 -

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

* Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, 2000 - putatively monophyletic * Mnemosynini Szwedo, 2004 - one extant genus ''

Mnemosyne (planthopper) ''Mnemosyne'' is a genus of planthoppers in the subfamily Cixiinae, erected by Carl Stål in 1866;Stål C (1866) ''Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana'' 4: 1-276 50 it is the only extant type genus In biological taxonomy, the type ...

'' Stål, 1866 (5 extinct) * Oecleini Muir, 1922 - non-monophyletic * Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 - monophyletic * Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 - non-monophyletic * Semonini Emeljanov, 2002 - putatively monophyletic * Stenophlepsiini Metcalf, 1938

References

External links

Hemiptera subfamilies {{Fulgoromorpha-stub