Circuit may refer to:

Science and technology

Electrical engineering

Electrical circuit An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g., battery (electricity), batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, transistors) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e. ...

, a complete electrical network with a closed-loop giving a return path for current **

Analog circuit Analogue electronics () are electronic systems with a continuously variable signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two levels. The term ''analogue'' describes the proportional relationship between a signal ...

, uses continuous signal levels ** Balanced circuit, paths are impedance-matched **

Circuit analysis In electrical engineering and electronics, a '' network'' is a collection of interconnected components. Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, all network components. There are many techniques ...

, the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, every component in an electrical circuit **

Circuit diagram A circuit diagram (or: wiring diagram, electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an Electrical network, electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, whil ...

, a graphical representation of an electrical circuit **

Digital circuit In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function. Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematica ...

, uses discrete signal levels **

Electronic circuit An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or Conductive trace, traces through which electric current can flow. It is a t ...

, contains "active" (nonlinear) electronic components capable of performing amplification, computation, and data transfer ***

Asynchronous circuit Asynchronous circuit (clockless or self-timed circuit) is a sequential logic, sequential digital logic electrical network, circuit that does not use a global clock circuit or clock signal, signal generator to synchronize its components. Instea ...

, or self-timed circuit, a sequential digital logic circuit that is not governed by a clock circuit or global clock signal ***

Integrated circuit An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a set of electronic circuits, consisting of various electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) and their interconnections. These components a ...

, a set of electronic circuits on a small "chip" of semiconductor material ****

Mixed-signal integrated circuit A mixed-signal integrated circuit is any integrated circuit that has both analog circuits and digital circuits on a single semiconductor die.Synchronous circuit In digital electronics, a synchronous circuit is a digital circuit in which the changes in the state (computer science), state of memory elements are synchronized by a clock signal. In a sequential logic, sequential digital logic circuit, data ...

, a digital circuit in which the changes in the state of memory elements are synchronized by a clock signal **

Printed circuit board A printed circuit board (PCB), also called printed wiring board (PWB), is a Lamination, laminated sandwich structure of electrical conduction, conductive and Insulator (electricity), insulating layers, each with a pattern of traces, planes ...

, on which electronic components are supported and connected using copper tracks on a non-conductive substrate **

Series and parallel circuits Two-terminal components and electrical networks can be connected in series or parallel. The resulting electrical network will have two terminals, and itself can participate in a series or parallel topology. Whether a two-terminal "object" is ...

, two ways in which electrical components may be interconnected ** Simple filters, including: *** LC circuit or tank circuit, consisting of an inductance and a capacitance ***

RC circuit A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage source, voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A fi ...

, comprises a resistance and a capacitance *** RL circuit, comprises a resistance and an inductance *** RLC circuit, comprises a resistance, an inductance, and a capacitance **

Telecommunication circuit A telecommunication circuit is a path in a telecommunications network used to transmit information. Circuits have evolved from generally being built on physical connections between individual hardware cables, as in an analog phone switch, to v ...

, on which information is transmitted ** Nonlinear circuit, a circuit with nonlinear elements.

Mathematics and computer science

Circuit (computer theory) In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function. Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathemati ...

, a theoretical structure simulating electrical and data paths **

Boolean circuit In computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, a Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits. A formal language can be decided by a family of Boolean circuits, one circuit for each possible inpu ...

, a mathematical model for digital logic circuits **

Integer circuit In computational complexity theory, an integer circuit is a circuit model of computation in which inputs to the circuit are sets of integers and each gate of the circuit computes either a set operation or an arithmetic operation on its input sets. ...

, a mathematical object of computational complexity *

Circuit complexity In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size or depth of the Boolean circuits that compute them. A related notion is the circui ...

, a branch of computational complexity theory *

Cycle (graph theory) In graph theory, a cycle in a graph is a non-empty trail in which only the first and last vertices are equal. A directed cycle in a directed graph is a non-empty directed trail in which only the first and last vertices are equal. A graph wit ...

, a closed path, with no other repeated vertices than the starting and ending vertices *

Circuit of a matroid In mathematics, a basis of a matroid is a maximal independent set of the matroid—that is, an independent set that is not contained in any other independent set. Examples As an example, consider the matroid over the ground-set R2 (the vectors i ...

Other sciences

Biological neural network A neural network, also called a neuronal network, is an interconnected population of neurons (typically containing multiple neural circuits). Biological neural networks are studied to understand the organization and functioning of nervous syst ...

, in neuroscience *

Hydraulic circuit Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work. Heavy construction vehicles are a common example. In this type of machine, hydraulic fluid is pumped to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders throughout the machine an ...

, in fluid mechanics *

Magnetic circuit A magnetic circuit is made up of one or more closed loop paths containing a magnetic flux. The flux is usually generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets and confined to the path by magnetic cores consisting of ferromagnetic materials lik ...

, in physics, one or more closed loop paths containing a magnetic flux *

Monetary circuit theory Monetary circuit theory is a heterodox theory of monetary economics, particularly money creation, often associated with the post-Keynesian school. It holds that money is created endogenously by the banking sector, rather than exogenously by cen ...

, a heterodox theory of monetary economics, also called ''circuitism'' *

Pneumatic circuit A pneumatic circuit is an interconnected set of components that convert compressed gas (usually air) into mechanical work. In the normal sense of the term, the circuit must include a compressor or compressor-fed tank. Components The circuit compr ...

, in fluid mechanics *

Synthetic biological circuit Synthetic biological circuits are an application of synthetic biology where biological parts inside a Cell (biology), cell are designed to perform logical functions mimicking those observed in electronic circuits. Typically, these circuits are ca ...

, in synthetic biology

Arts, entertainment, and media

* ''Circuit'' (film), a 2001 gay-themed film set in the world of gay circuit parties * '' Mario Kart: Super Circuit'', a 2001 Game Boy Advance game and the third game in the ''Mario Kart'' series * Circuit (film character), a character from the Indian film series ''Munna Bhai'' * Circuit, a character from ''Power Rangers Time Force'' * '' Circuitt'', a 2023 Indian Marathi-language action thriller film starring Vaibhav Tatwawadi and Hruta Durgule in lead roles.

Church

* Circuit (LCMS), a local grouping of congregations in the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod *

Methodist Circuit The organisation of the Methodist Church of Great Britain is based on the principle of connexionalism. This means that British Methodism, from its inception under John Wesley (1703–1791), has always laid strong emphasis on mutual support, in ...

, a form of church governance in Methodism

Government and law

Circuit (administrative division) A circuit ( or ) was a historical political division of China and is a historical and modern administrative unit in Japan. The primary level of administrative division of Korea under the Joseon and in modern North and South Korea employs the sa ...

, an administrative country subdivision in East Asia *

Circuit court Circuit courts are court systems in several common law jurisdictions. It may refer to: * Courts that literally sit 'on circuit', i.e., judges move around a region or country to different towns or cities where they will hear cases; * Courts that s ...

, the name of court systems in several common law jurisdictions

Sports

* Circuit training, a form of high-intensity aerobics * ITF Pro Circuit, pro tennis tours of the

International Tennis Federation The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is the governing body of world tennis, wheelchair tennis, and beach tennis. It was founded in 1913 as the International Lawn Tennis Federation by twelve national tennis associations. there are 211 nat ...

ITF Men's Circuit The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ''ITF Men's Circuit'') is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The tour represents the lowest rung of the me ...

ITF Women's Circuit The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour, previously known as the ITF Women's Circuit, is a series of professional tennis tournaments run by the International Tennis Federation for female professional tennis players. History It serves as a developmenta ...

Transportation and racing

* Circuit (airfield), also called pattern, a standard path followed by aircraft when taking off or landing * Circuit, a

race track A race track (racetrack, racing track or racing circuit) is a facility built for racing of vehicles, athletes, or animals (e.g. horse racing or greyhound racing). A race track also may feature grandstands or concourses. Race tracks are also us ...

or one complete traverse of a track ** Formula One circuits (see list of Formula One circuits) ** Kart circuit, a race track designed for kart racing

Other uses

* Circuit (software), a collaboration service software by Unify * Circuit, slang for hangouts or events frequented by a given social circle *

Circuit party A circuit party is a large dance event. It extends through the night and into the following day, almost always with a number of affiliated events in the days leading up to and following the main event. Proto-circuit parties in the late 1970s, t ...

, a gay dance event