''Chrysso'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of comb-footed spiders that was first described by

Octavius Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider from a large collection that he made with contrib ...

in 1882. ''C. pulcherrima'' is

pantropical A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Examples of species include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera ''Acacia'' and ''Bacopa''. ''Neotropical' ...

, ''C. spiniventris'' has been introduced to

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

, and ''C. nordica'' occurs both in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

and in Asia from

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

Description

Many species are strikingly colored, but like most theridiids, the coloration is variable. ''C. compressa'' has a striking black sternum and abdomen, but the venter of Brazilian species is black, while those of Peru are yellow. ''C. venusta'' has been observed to rapidly change its color when disturbed. Females are about long, and have blade-like hairs on the tip of the

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the gut, belly, tummy, midriff, tucky, or stomach) is the front part of the torso between the thorax (chest) and pelvis in humans and in other vertebrates. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal ...

Species

it contains sixty-four species, mostly found in the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

and

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

: *'' C. albomaculata'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) – USA, Caribbean to Brazil *'' C. alecula''

Levi Levi ( ; ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the third of the six sons of Jacob and Leah (Jacob's third son), and the founder of the Israelites, Israelite Tribe of Levi (the Levites, including the Kohanim) and the great-grandfather of Aaron ...

, 1962 –

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

*'' C. anei'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 –

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

*'' C. angula'' ( Tikader, 1970) –

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

*'' C. antonio'' Levi, 1962 –

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

*'' C. arima'' Levi, 1962 –

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger, more populous island of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, the country. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is the southernmost island in ...

*'' C. arops'' Levi, 1962 – Brazil *'' C. backstromi'' (

Berland Berland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *André Berland (1940–2025), French historian and biographer *Bjørn Berland (born 1977), Norwegian footballer *Eliezer Berland (born 1937), Israeli Breslov rabbi *François Berléan ...

, 1924) –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

(Juan Fernandez Is.) *'' C. barrosmachadoi'' Caporiacco, 1955 –

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

*'' C. bicuspidata'' Zhang & Zhang, 2012 –

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

*'' C. bifurca'' Zhang & Zhang, 2012 – China *'' C. bimaculata'' Yoshida, 1998 – China,

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

*'' C. calima'' Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil *'' C. cambridgei'' ( Petrunkevitch, 1911) – Mexico to Venezuela *'' C. caudigera'' Yoshida, 1993 – China,

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

*'' C. compressa'' (

Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk: * Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist * Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist * Hermann Gr ...

, 1884) –

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

, Brazil *'' C. cyclocera'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. dentaria'' Gao & Li, 2014 – China *'' C. diplosticha''

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are several ...

& Ivie, 1936 – Panama to Peru *'' C. ecuadorensis'' Levi, 1957 – Colombia to Bolivia *'' C. fanjingshan'' Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006 – China *'' C. foliata'' ( L. Koch, 1878) –

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

(Far East), China,

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

, Japan *'' C. gounellei'' Levi, 1962 – Brazil *'' C. hejunhuai'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' C. huae'' Tang, Yin & Peng, 2003 – China *'' C. huanuco'' Levi, 1957 – Peru *'' C. hyoshidai'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' C. indicifera'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 – Panama to Peru *'' C. intervales'' Gonzaga, Leiner & Santos, 2006 – Brazil *'' C. isumbo'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' C. lativentris'' Yoshida, 1993 – China, Korea, Taiwan *'' C. lingchuanensis'' Zhu & Zhang, 1992 – China *'' C. longshanensis'' Yin, 2012 – China *'' C. mariae'' Levi, 1957 – Peru *'' C. melba'' Levi, 1962 – Panama *'' C. nigriceps'' Keyserling, 1884 –

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

*'' C. nigrosterna'' Keyserling, 1891 – Brazil *'' C. nordica'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947) –

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, Russia (Europe to Far East),

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

*'' C. orchis'' Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 – Taiwan *'' C. oxycera'' Zhu & Song, 1993 – China *'' C. pelyx'' (Levi, 1957) – USA *'' C. pulchra'' (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil *'' C. questona'' Levi, 1962 –

Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...

, Panama, Trinidad *'' C. rubrovittata'' (Keyserling, 1884) – Brazil,

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

*'' C. sasakii'' Yoshida, 2001 – Japan *'' C. scintillans'' ( Thorell, 1895) –

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

, India, China, Korea, Japan, Philippines *'' C. sicki'' Levi, 1957 – Brazil *'' C. silva'' Levi, 1962 – Panama *'' C. simoni'' Levi, 1962 – Venezuela *'' C. subrapula'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. sulcata'' (Keyserling, 1884) – Peru,

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

, Brazil *'' C. tiboli'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' C. trimaculata'' Zhu, Zhang & Xu, 1991 – China, Taiwan,

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

*'' C. trispinula'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. urbasae'' (Tikader, 1970) – India *'' C. vallensis'' Levi, 1957 – Panama *'' C. vexabilis'' Keyserling, 1884 – Panama to Argentina *'' C. viridiventris'' Yoshida, 1996 – Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' C. vitra'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. vittatula'' ( Roewer, 1942) – Colombia to Bolivia *'' C. volcanensis'' Levi, 1962 – Costa Rica, Panama *'' C. wangi'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. wenxianensis'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. yulingu'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China Formerly included: *''C. acrobeles'' (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to '' Coleosoma'') *''C. albipes'' (Saito, 1935) (Transferred to ''

Chikunia ''Chikunia'' is a genus of Asian comb-footed spiders that was first described by H. Yoshida in 2009. These spiders are small, often dark or orange colored. This species can be found in solidarity, though they can also be found in colonies. Col ...

'') *''C. argyrodiformis'' (Yaginuma, 1952) (Transferred to ''

Meotipa ''Meotipa'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1895. Species it contains twenty two species, found in Asia, Papua New Guinea, and on the Pacific Islands: *'' Meotipa andamanensis'' ( Tikader, 1 ...

'') *''C. conigerum'' (Simon, 1914) (Transferred to ''

Achaeridion ''Achaeridion'' is a monotypic genus of comb-footed spiders containing the single species, ''Achaeridion conigerum''. It was first described by J. Wunderlich in 2008, and is found in Europe. See also * List of Theridiidae species This page l ...

'') *''C. jianglensis'' Zhu & Song, 1993 (Transferred to ''Meotipa'') *''C. maronica'' Caporiacco, 1954 (Transferred to '' Cryptachaea'') *''C. octomaculata'' (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to ''Coleosoma'') *''C. pentagona'' Caporiacco, 1954 (Transferred to ''

Achaearanea ''Achaearanea'' is a genus of Theridiidae, comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1929. It used to include the extremely abundant common house spider, which was transferred to genus ''Parasteatoda'' in 2006, together wi ...

'') *''C. picturata'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Meotipa'') *''C. rapula'' (Yaginuma, 1960) (Transferred to ''Chikunia'') *''C. shimenensis'' Tang, Yin & Peng, 2003 (Transferred to ''

Thwaitesia ''Thwaitesia'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1881. The genus is named after George Henry Kendrick Thwaites. ''T. affinis'' females are long, and males are long. ''T. bracteata'' a ...

'') *''C. sikkimensis'' (Tikader, 1970) (Transferred to '' Linyphia'') *''C. vesiculosa'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Meotipa'')

References

External links

* Guide to Common Singapore Spiders
Pictures of spiders and their webs
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2967436 Theridiidae genera Pantropical spiders Taxa named by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge Theridiidae