''Chrysso'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of comb-footed spiders that was first described by

Octavius Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Bl ...

in 1882. ''C. pulcherrima'' is

pantropical A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both hemispheres. Examples of species include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera ''Acacia'' and '' Bacopa''. '' Neotropical'' is a zoogeographic t ...

, ''C. spiniventris'' has been introduced to

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...

, and ''C. nordica'' occurs both in North America and in Asia from

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croa ...

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 millio ...

Description

Many species are strikingly colored, but like most theridiids, the coloration is variable. ''C. compressa''has a striking black sternum and abdomen, but the venter of Brazilian species is black, while those of Peru are yellow. ''C. venusta'' has been observed to rapidly change its color when disturbed. Females are about long, and have blade-like hairs on the tip of the

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the tors ...

Species

it contains sixty-four species, mostly found in the Americas and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

: *'' C. albomaculata'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) – USA, Caribbean to Brazil *'' C. alecula''

Levi Levi (; ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the third of the six sons of Jacob and Leah (Jacob's third son), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Levi (the Levites, including the Kohanim) and the great-grandfather of Aaron, Moses and ...

, 1962 –

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...

*'' C. anei'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 –

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

*'' C. angula'' ( Tikader, 1970) –

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

*'' C. antonio'' Levi, 1962 –

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

*'' C. arima'' Levi, 1962 –

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...

*'' C. arops'' Levi, 1962 – Brazil *'' C. backstromi'' ( Berland, 1924) –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

(Juan Fernandez Is.) *'' C. barrosmachadoi''

Caporiacco Ludovico di Caporiacco (22 January 1900, in Udine – 18 July 1951, in Parma) was an Italian arachnologist. Caporiacco took part in an expedition to the Jebel Uweinat, a mountain massif in the boundary region of Sudan, Libya, and Egypt. On t ...

, 1955 –

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in ...

*'' C. bicuspidata'' Zhang & Zhang, 2012 – China *'' C. bifurca'' Zhang & Zhang, 2012 – China *'' C. bimaculata'' Yoshida, 1998 – China, Japan *'' C. calima'' Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil *'' C. cambridgei'' ( Petrunkevitch, 1911) – Mexico to Venezuela *'' C. caudigera'' Yoshida, 1993 – China,

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northe ...

*'' C. compressa'' (

Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk: * Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist * Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist * Hermann ...

, 1884) –

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

, Brazil *'' C. cyclocera'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. dentaria'' Gao & Li, 2014 – China *'' C. diplosticha'' Chamberlin &

Ivie Ivie is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name *Ivie Anderson (1904–1949), American jazz singer *Ivie Okujaye (born 1987), Nigerian actress and television producer *Ivie Richardson (1895–1960), South Africa ...

, 1936 – Panama to Peru *'' C. ecuadorensis'' Levi, 1957 – Colombia to Bolivia *'' C. fanjingshan'' Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006 – China *'' C. foliata'' ( L. Koch, 1878) –

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...

(Far East), China,

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republi ...

, Japan *'' C. gounellei'' Levi, 1962 – Brazil *'' C. hejunhuai'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' C. huae'' Tang, Yin & Peng, 2003 – China *'' C. huanuco'' Levi, 1957 – Peru *'' C. hyoshidai'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' C. indicifera'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 – Panama to Peru *'' C. intervales'' Gonzaga, Leiner & Santos, 2006 – Brazil *'' C. isumbo'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' C. lativentris'' Yoshida, 1993 – China, Korea, Taiwan *'' C. lingchuanensis'' Zhu & Zhang, 1992 – China *'' C. longshanensis'' Yin, 2012 – China *'' C. mariae'' Levi, 1957 – Peru *'' C. melba'' Levi, 1962 – Panama *'' C. nigriceps'' Keyserling, 1884 – Colombia,

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar language, Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechuan ...

*'' C. nigrosterna'' Keyserling, 1891 – Brazil *'' C. nordica'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947) –

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian invas ...

, Russia (Europe to Far East),

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental coun ...

, North America *'' C. orchis'' Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 – Taiwan *'' C. oxycera'' Zhu & Song, 1993 – China *'' C. pelyx'' (Levi, 1957) – USA *'' C. pulchra'' (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil *'' C. questona'' Levi, 1962 – Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad *'' C. rubrovittata'' (Keyserling, 1884) – Brazil,

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, t ...

*'' C. sasakii'' Yoshida, 2001 – Japan *'' C. scintillans'' ( Thorell, 1895) –

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

, India, China, Korea, Japan, Philippines *'' C. sicki'' Levi, 1957 – Brazil *'' C. silva'' Levi, 1962 – Panama *'' C. simoni'' Levi, 1962 – Venezuela *'' C. subrapula'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. sulcata'' (Keyserling, 1884) – Peru,

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

, Brazil *'' C. tiboli'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' C. trimaculata'' Zhu, Zhang & Xu, 1991 – China, Taiwan,

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...

*'' C. trispinula'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. urbasae'' (Tikader, 1970) – India *'' C. vallensis'' Levi, 1957 – Panama *'' C. vexabilis'' Keyserling, 1884 – Panama to Argentina *'' C. viridiventris'' Yoshida, 1996 – Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' C. vitra'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. vittatula'' ( Roewer, 1942) – Colombia to Bolivia *'' C. volcanensis'' Levi, 1962 – Costa Rica, Panama *'' C. wangi'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. wenxianensis'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' C. yulingu'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China Formerly included: *''C. acrobeles'' (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to ''

Coleosoma ''Coleosoma'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1882. Species it contains ten species, found all over the world: *'' Coleosoma acutiventer'' ( Keyserling, 1884) – USA to Argentina *''C ...

'') *''C. albipes'' (Saito, 1935) (Transferred to ''

Chikunia ''Chikunia'' is a genus of Asian comb-footed spiders that was first described by H. Yoshida in 2009. These spiders are small, often dark or orange colored. This species can be found in solidarity, though they can also be found in colonies. Co ...

'') *''C. argyrodiformis'' (Yaginuma, 1952) (Transferred to ''

Meotipa ''Meotipa'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1895. Species it contains eighteen species, found in Asia, Papua New Guinea, and on the Pacific Islands: *'' Meotipa andamanensis'' ( Tikader, 1977 ...

'') *''C. conigerum'' (Simon, 1914) (Transferred to ''

Achaeridion ''Achaeridion'' is a monotypic genus of comb-footed spiders containing the single species, ''Achaeridion conigerum''. It was first described by J. Wunderlich in 2008, and is found in Europe. See also * List of Theridiidae species This page l ...

'') *''C. jianglensis'' Zhu & Song, 1993 (Transferred to ''Meotipa'') *''C. maronica'' Caporiacco, 1954 (Transferred to ''

Cryptachaea ''Cryptachaea'' is a genus of spiders in the Theridiidae (tangle web spider) family. Taxonomy Many species in this genus used to reside in ''Achaearanea'', which received a major revision in 2008.Platnick 2009 The genus was originally establish ...

'') *''C. octomaculata'' (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to ''Coleosoma'') *''C. pentagona'' Caporiacco, 1954 (Transferred to '' Achaearanea'') *''C. picturata'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Meotipa'') *''C. rapula'' (Yaginuma, 1960) (Transferred to ''Chikunia'') *''C. shimenensis'' Tang, Yin & Peng, 2003 (Transferred to '' Thwaitesia'') *''C. sikkimensis'' (Tikader, 1970) (Transferred to ''

Linyphia ''Linyphia'' is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. The name is Greek, and means "thread-weaver" or "linen maker". Species it contains seventy-eight species, found in Albania, Algeria, Argent ...

'') *''C. vesiculosa'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Meotipa'')

References

External links

* Guide to Common Singapore Spiders
Pictures of spiders and their webs
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2967436 Araneomorphae genera Pantropical spiders Taxa named by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge Theridiidae