Chru ( vi, Chu Ru) is a Chamic language of

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...

spoken by the Churu people in southern

Lâm Đồng Province Lâm is a Vietnamese surname. The name is transliterated as Lin in Chinese and Im in Korean. Lam is the anglicized variation of the surname Lâm. Lam Lam or LAM may refer to: Organizations * Laguna Art Museum, California, US * Lam Eng Rubber ...

(especially in Đơn Dương District) and in Ninh Thuận Province. Like the other Chamic languages spoken in Vietnam (

Cham Cham or CHAM may refer to: Ethnicities and languages *Chams, people in Vietnam and Cambodia **Cham language, the language of the Cham people ***Cham script *** Cham (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters of the Cham script *Cham Albania ...

, Jarai,

Rade Rade may refer to: * E De people, a people group in Southeast Asia also called "Rhade" or "Rade" * places in Lower-Saxony, Germany: ** Rade, Neu Wulmstorf, a village in the district of Harburg * places in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany: ** Rade, S ...

and Roglai), use of Chru is declining as native speakers are generally bilingual in Vietnamese, which is used for most official or public settings, like schools.

Phonology

Consonant inventory

The following table lists the consonants of Chru. : There exist post-aspirated consonants , , , but these behave as sequences of stop plus . For example, from the word ('to plane') the nominal ('a plane') can be derived by infixation of ''-n-''.

Vowel inventory

The vowel inventory is given in the following table. All vowels but exist in nasalized form. : : The vowel is always followed by .

Phonotactics

Words consist of up to two pre-syllables, and a main syllable. A full example is ('to turn over'). The vowels in the pre-syllables are always after a consonant and otherwise.

Grammar

Syntax

Like many other languages of Southeast Asia, including Vietnamese, Chru is an analytic (or isolating) language without morphological marking of case, gender, number, or tense. In its typological profile it reflects extensive language contact effects, as it more closely resembles a Mon-Khmer language with monosyllabic roots and impoverished morphology rather than a canonical Austronesian language with bisyllabic roots and derivational morphology (Grant 2005). It has subject-verb-object (SVO) word order.

Negation

Chru uses a pre-verbal negative particle, as a simple negative in declarative sentences: An optional clause-final negative particle, , may also be used, particularly in negative questions and negative responses to questions:

References

{{Austronesian languages Chamic languages Languages of Vietnam