Chromosome 3 is one of the 23 pairs of

chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...

s in

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 3 spans more than 201 million

base pair A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA ...

s (the building material of

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...

) and represents about 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Genes

Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 3. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project ( CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.

List of genes

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 3. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

p-arm

Partial list of the genes located on p-arm (short arm) of human chromosome 3:

q-arm

Partial list of the genes located on q-arm (long arm) of human chromosome 3:

Diseases and disorders

The following diseases and disorders are some of those related to genes on chromosome 3: * 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency * 3q29 microdeletion syndrome *

Acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with haematopoiesis, normal blood cell production. Sympt ...

(AML) *

Alkaptonuria Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited genetic disease which is caused by a mutation in the ''HGD'' gene for the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (); if a person inherits an abnormal copy from both parents (it is a dominance relationship, recessive c ...

* Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia * Atransferrinemia *

Autism Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by differences or difficulties in social communication and interaction, a preference for predictability and routine, sensory processing d ...

* Autosomal dominant optic atrophy * ADOA plus syndrome *

Biotinidase deficiency Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which biotin is not released from proteins in the diet during digestion or from normal protein turnover in the cell. This situation results in biotin deficiency. Biotin is ...

* Blepharophimosis, epicanthus inversus and ptosis type 1 * Breast/colon/lung/pancreatic cancer * Brugada syndrome * Castillo fever * Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency *

Cataracts A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision of the eye. Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may include faded colours, blurry or double vision, halos around ligh ...

Cerebral cavernous malformation Cavernous hemangioma, also called cavernous angioma, venous malformation, or cavernoma, is a type of venous malformation due to endothelial dysmorphogenesis from a lesion which is present at birth. A cavernoma in the brain is called a cerebral ...

* Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, type 2 * Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease * Chromosome 3q duplication syndrome * Coproporphyria * A location on human chromosome 3 is associated with

respiratory failure Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a r ...

and possibly with increased severity in

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever ...

* Dandy–Walker syndrome *

Deafness Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is writte ...

Diabetes Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of th ...

* Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa * Endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency * Essential tremors *

Ectrodactyly Ectrodactyly, split hand, or cleft hand () involves the deficiency or absence of one or more central Digit (anatomy), digits of the hand or foot and is also known as split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM). The hands and feet of people with ec ...

, Case 4 *

Glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can lead to damage of the optic nerve. The optic nerve transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma may cause vision loss if left untreated. It has been called the "silent thief of ...

, primary open angle *

Glycogen storage disease A glycogen storage disease (GSD, also glycogenosis and dextrinosis) is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme or transport protein affecting glycogen synthesis, glycogen breakdown, or glycolysis, glucose breakdown, typically in m ...

* Hailey–Hailey disease * Harderoporphyrinuria * Heart block, progressive/nonprogressive * Hereditary coproporphyria * Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer * HIV infection, susceptibility/resistance to * Hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial *

Hypothermia Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below in humans. Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia, there is shivering and mental confusion. In moderate hypothermia, shivering stops and confusion increases. In severe ...

* Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter * Long QT syndrome * Lymphomas * Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility * Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Murk Jansen type * Microcoria * Möbius syndrome *

Moyamoya disease Moyamoya disease is a disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted. Blood flow is blocked by constriction and blood clots (thrombosis). A collateral circulation develops around the blocked vessels to compensate for the blockage, ...

* Mucopolysaccharidosis * Muir–Torre family cancer syndrome * Myotonic dystrophy * Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, Okinawa type * Night blindness * Nonsyndromic deafness * Ovarian cancer *

Porphyria Porphyria ( or ) is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. The types that affect the nervous system are also known as Porphyria#Acute porphyrias, acute p ...

* Propionic acidemia * Protein S deficiency * Pseudocholinesterase deficiency * Pseudo-Zellweger syndrome * Retinitis pigmentosa * Romano–Ward syndrome * Seckel syndrome * Sensenbrenner syndrome * Septo-optic dysplasia *

Short stature Short stature refers to a height of a human which is below typical. Whether a person is considered short depends on the context. Because of the lack of preciseness, there is often disagreement about the degree of shortness that should be called ...

* Spinocerebellar ataxia * Sucrose intolerance * T-cell leukemia translocation altered gene * Usher syndrome * von Hippel–Lindau syndrome *

Waardenburg syndrome Waardenburg syndrome is a group of rare genetic conditions characterised by at least some degree of congenital hearing loss and pigmentation deficiencies, which can include bright blue eyes (or Heterochromia iridum, one blue eye and one brown ey ...

Genes

Number of genes

List of genes

p-arm

q-arm

Diseases and disorders

Cytogenetic band

See also

References

External links