Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of
chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...
s in
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...
s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 14 spans about 107 million
base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA ...
s (the building material of
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
) and represents between 3 and 3.5% of the total DNA in
cells.
The
centromere of chromosome 14 is positioned approximately at position 17.2 Mbp.
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 14. Because researchers use different approaches to
genome annotation their predictions of the
number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see
gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (
CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.
[ ]
Gene list
The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 14. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.
Diseases and disorders
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 14:
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an inc ...
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Alzheimer disease
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Burkitt's lymphoma
Burkitt's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, the Irish surgeon who first described the disease in 1958 while working in equatorial Africa ...
(t8;14)
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congenital hypothyroidism
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth. If untreated for several months after birth, severe congenital hypothyroidism can lead to growth failure and permanent intellectual disability. Infants born with co ...
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dopamine-responsive dystonia
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Follicular lymphoma (t14;18)
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FOXG1 syndrome
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Krabbe disease
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Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia
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Machado-Joseph disease
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Mosaic monosomy 14
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Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibody, antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone ...
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Niemann-Pick disease
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Nonsyndromic deafness
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Sensenbrenner syndrome
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Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
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Kagami-Ogata Syndrome
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Temple Syndrome
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Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Cytogenetic band
References
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External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chromosome 14 (Human)
Chromosomes (human)
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