(; ; or ; ; ; ; ; ; ; meaning 'horseradish' in all these languages) is a spicy paste made of grated

horseradish Horseradish (''Armoracia rusticana'', syn. ''Cochlearia armoracia'') is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes Mustard plant, mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and us ...

. It is a common condiment for meat and fish dishes in Eastern and Central European cuisines ( Slovene, northern Croatian, Belarusian, Czech, Slovak, German (especially Bavarian), Polish, Romanian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, Ukrainian and

Ashkenazi Ashkenazi Jews ( ; also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim) form a distinct subgroup of the Jewish diaspora, that Ethnogenesis, emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium Common era, CE. They traditionally spe ...

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

cuisine). [] comes from Yiddish , which is in turn a loanword from Slavic languages. There are two common forms of in the Slavic and Ashkenazi Jewish cuisines. White consists of grated horseradish and vinegar, and sometimes

sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...

and

salt In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt. In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as r ...

, while red includes the addition of beetroot. These types of are distinct from other horseradish-based condiments in that they are pareve (contain no dairy products), making it acceptable at both meat and dairy meals according to Jewish dietary law. In contrast, many Central European varieties include

cream Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, eventually rises to the top. In the industrial production of cream, this proces ...

, while some Russian recipes call for with smetana (sour cream). There are also varieties including

apple An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus'' spp.). Fruit trees of the orchard or domestic apple (''Malus domestica''), the most widely grown in the genus, are agriculture, cultivated worldwide. The tree originated ...

lingonberry ''Vaccinium vitis-idaea'' is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family, Ericaceae. It is known colloquially as the lingonberry, partridgeberry, foxberry, mountain cranberry, or cowberry. It is native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra through ...

cranberry Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus ''Oxycoccus'' of the genus ''Vaccinium''. Cranberries are low, creeping shrubs or vines up to long and in height; they have slender stems that are not th ...

and oranges. The use of in Eastern and Central European cuisines Jewish communities is ancient, and is first attested in writing from the 12th century. Though it has had several historical uses, is most commonly associated in modern times with gefilte fish, for which it is considered an essential condiment. In Eastern and Central European cuisines chrain is a typical condiment for various fish dishes, as well as for meat and fish

zakuski ''Zakuski'' (, ; ) is the term for an assortment of cold hors d'oeuvres, entrées and snacks in Russian food culture. They are considered to be an integral part of any Russian festive meal, as well as often everyday meals. Terminology Ori ...

, such as kholodets (aspic) and beef tongue. File:Gefilta Fish-1-.jpg, Gefilte fish with red File:Maso s křenem a hořčicí.jpg, Meat with mustard (left) and white (right) File:Копчена підчеревина з спеціями та хріном.jpg, Smoked pork belly with spices and horseradish Chernihiv region Ukraine

References

{{portal bar, Food Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine Condiments Slavic cuisine Austrian cuisine Belarusian cuisine Croatian cuisine Czech cuisine German cuisine Israeli condiments Polish cuisine Latvian cuisine Lithuanian cuisine Romanian cuisine Russian cuisine Slovenian cuisine Ukrainian cuisine Horseradish (condiment) Vinegar

See also

References