''Chalcides'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
skink
Skinks are lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, a family in the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. S ...
s (
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Scincidae).
It is usually placed in the
subfamily Scincinae
Scincinae is a subfamily of lizards. The subfamily contains 33 genera, and the genera contain a combined total of 284 species, commonly called skinks. The systematics is at times controversial. The group is probably paraphyletic. It is one of th ...
(= Scincidae ''sensu''
Hedges 2014), a
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...
clade of primarily
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
n skinks.
Species
The following
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
are recognized as being valid.
[ www.reptile-database.org.]
*''
Chalcides armitagei
''Chalcides armitagei'', also known commonly as Armitage's cylindrical skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to West Africa.
Etymology
The specific name, ''armitagei'', is in honor of Cecil Hamilton Armi ...
'' – Armitage's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides bedriagai
''Chalcides bedriagai'', commonly known as Bedriaga's skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. It usually lives in sandy areas with sparse vegetation and good ground cover. It can al ...
'' – Bedriaga's skink
*''
Chalcides bottegi
''Chalcides bottegi'', also known commonly as Bottego's cylindrical skink or the ocellated skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is native to East Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Northeast Africa.
Etymology
The spe ...
'' – Bottego's cylindrical skink, ocellated skink
*''
Chalcides boulengeri
''Chalcides boulengeri'', also known commonly as Boulenger's feylinia and Boulenger's wedge-snouted skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is native to the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Etymology
The specific name ...
'' – Boulenger's feylinia, Boulenger's wedge-snouted skink
*''
Chalcides chalcides
The Italian three-toed skink or the cylindrical skink (''Chalcides chalcides'') is a species of lizard found from Italy (including Sicily, Sardinia and Elba), to northern Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. It is common in some locations and is ...
'' – cylindrical skink, Italian three-toed skink
*''
Chalcides coeruleopunctatus
''Chalcides coeruleopunctatus'' is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is found in the Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community ...
'' – La Gomera skink
*''
Chalcides colosii'' – Colosi's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides delislei
''Chalcides delislei'', also known commonly as Delisle's wedge-snouted skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is native to northern Africa.
Etymology
The specific name, ''delislei'', is in honor of French anthropolo ...
'' – Delisle's wedge-snouted skink
*''
Chalcides ebneri
''Chalcides ebneri'', also known commonly as Ebner's cylindrical skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Morocco.
Etymology
The specific name, ''ebneri'', is in honor of Austrian entomologist Richard Eb ...
'' – Ebner's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides guentheri
''Chalcides guentheri'', or Günther's cylindrical skink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Near East.
Etymology
The specific name, ''guentheri'', is in honor of German-born British herpetol ...
'' – Günther's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides lanzai
''Chalcides lanzai'', or Lanza's skink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Morocco.
Taxonomy
''Chalcides lanzai'' has been considered a subspecies of '' Chalcides montanus'' and of ''Chalcides oce ...
'' – Lanza's skink
*''
Chalcides levitoni
''Chalcides levitoni'', commonly called Leviton's cylindrical skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Saudi Arabia.
Geographic range
''C. levitoni'' is found in Jizan Province, Saudi Arabia.. www. ...
'' – Leviton's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides manueli
''Chalcides manueli'', commonly known as Manuel's skink, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Scincinae of the family Scincidae.
Geographic range
''C. manueli'' is endemic to Morocco.. www.reptile-database.org.
Etymology
The specific name ...
'' – Manuel's skink
*''
Chalcides mauritanicus
''Chalcides mauritanicus'', or the two-fingered skink, is an African species of skink found in Algeria and Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It o ...
'' – two-fingered skink
*''
Chalcides mertensi
The Algerian three-toed skink (''Chalcides mertensi'') is a species of "grass-swimming" skink with an elongated serpentine shape and reduced limbs. It is endemic to north-western Africa.
Distribution
It is native to northern Algeria and northern ...
'' – Algerian three-toed skink
*''
Chalcides minutus
''Chalcides minutus'', or the small three-toed skink, is a species of skink found in northeastern Morocco, northwestern Algeria, and on the Spanish island of Melilla.
Recent molecular studies have revealed that ''C. minutus'' could be a composit ...
'' – small three-toed skink
*''
Chalcides mionecton
''Chalcides mionecton'', the mionecton skink or Morocco cylindrical skink, is a species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is found only in Morocco.
There are two subspecies:
Genetic data suggest that these should be considered separate speci ...
'' – Mionecton skink, Morocco cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides montanus
The Atlas Mountain skink (''Chalcides montanus'') is a species of skink endemic to the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. It was originally described as ''Chalcides ocellatus'' ssp.
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below specie ...
''
*''
Chalcides ocellatus
''Chalcides ocellatus'', or the ocellated skink (also known as the eyed skink or gongilo) is a species of skink found in Greece, southern Italy, Malta, Lebanon, and parts of northern Africa.Arikan, ''et al.''"An Investigation on the Blood-Serum P ...
'' – eyed skink, gongilo, ocellated skink
*''
Chalcides parallelus'' – Chafarinas's skink
*''
Chalcides pentadactylus'' – five-fingered skink
*''
Chalcides polylepis'' – many-scaled cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides pseudostriatus
The Moroccan three-toed skink (''Chalcides pseudostriatus'') is a species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is found in Morocco and Spain. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, temperate grassland, and rural gardens. ...
'' – Moroccan three-toed skink
*''
Chalcides pulchellus
Mocquard's cylindrical skink (''Chalcides pulchellus'') is a species of skink that lives in southwestern Burkina Faso. Its Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin ...
'' – Mocquard's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides ragazzii'' – Ragazzi's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides sepsoides
''Chalcides sepsoides'', the wedge-snouted skink, is a common and widespread species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is found in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian territories.
Ecology
''S. sepsoides'' is a v ...
'' – wedge-snouted skink
*''
Chalcides sexlineatus
The Gran Canaria skink (''Chalcides sexlineatus'') is a species of skink in the family Scincidae which is endemic to Gran Canaria. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, temperate ...
'' – Gran Canaria skink
*''
Chalcides simonyi
The Fuerteventura skink (''Chalcides simonyi'') is an endangered ovoviviparous species of skink in the family Scincidae. Skinks are generally characterized by their smaller legs and less pronounced necks compared to typical lizards.
Etymology
T ...
'' – East Canary skink, Fuerteventura skink
*''
Chalcides sphenopsiformis'' – Duméril's wedge-snouted skink
*''
Chalcides striatus
The western three-toed skink (''Chalcides striatus'') is a species of lizard with tiny legs in the family Scincidae. It is found in the Iberian Peninsula, southern France and parts of northwestern Italy.
Its natural habitats are temperate forest ...
'' – western three-toed skink
*''
Chalcides thierryi'' – Thierry's cylindrical skink
*''
Chalcides viridanus
''Chalcides'' is a genus of skinks (family Scincidae).
It is usually placed in the subfamily Scincinae (= Scincidae ''sensu'' Hedges 2014), a monophyletic clade of primarily African skinks.
Species
The following species are recognized as be ...
'' – Canaryan cylindrical skink, East Canary Islands skink, Tenerife skink, West Canary skink
''
Nota bene
(, or ; plural form ) is a Latin phrase meaning "note well".
It is often abbreviated as NB, n.b., or with the ligature
and first appeared in English writing . In Modern English, it is used, particularly in legal papers, to draw the atte ...
'': In the above list, a
binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Chalcides''.
References
Further reading
* (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered ''Leiolopisma'' skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 39 (2): 503–511.
(HTML abstract)
* (2014). "The high-level classification of skinks (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincomorpha)". ''Zootaxa'' 3765 (4): 317–338
* (1768). ''Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum''. Vienna: "Joan. Thom. Nob. de Trattnern". 214 pp. + Plates I–V. (''Chalcides'', new genus, p. 64). (in Latin).
Chalcides,
Taxa named by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti
Lizard genera
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