120px, View of the hold of a container ship
A ship's hold or cargo hold is a space for carrying
cargo
Cargo consists of bulk goods conveyed by water, air, or land. In economics, freight is cargo that is transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. ''Cargo'' was originally a shipload but now covers all types of freight, including tran ...
in the ship's
compartment.
Description
Cargo in holds may be either packaged in crates, bales, etc., or unpackaged (
bulk cargo). Access to holds is by a large hatch at the top. Ships have had holds for centuries; an alternative way to carry cargo is in standardized
shipping containers, which may be loaded into appropriate holds or carried on deck.
Holds in older
ship
A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research, and fishing. Ships are generally distinguishe ...
s were below the
orlop deck, the lower part of the interior of a ship's
hull
Hull may refer to:
Structures
* Chassis, of an armored fighting vehicle
* Fuselage, of an aircraft
* Hull (botany), the outer covering of seeds
* Hull (watercraft), the body or frame of a ship
* Submarine hull
Mathematics
* Affine hull, in affi ...
, especially when considered as storage space, as for cargo. In later merchant vessels it extended up through the decks to the underside of the weather deck.
Some ships have built in
crane
Crane or cranes may refer to:
Common meanings
* Crane (bird), a large, long-necked bird
* Crane (machine), industrial machinery for lifting
** Crane (rail), a crane suited for use on railroads
People and fictional characters
* Crane (surname) ...
s and can load and unload their own cargo. Other ships must have
dock side cranes or
gantry crane
A gantry crane is a crane built atop a gantry, which is a structure used to straddle an object or workspace. They can range from enormous "full" gantry cranes, capable of lifting some of the heaviest loads in the world, to small shop cranes, use ...
s to load and unload.
Cargo hatch

A cargo hatch or deck hatch or hatchway is type of
door
A door is a hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress (entry) into and egress (exit) from an enclosure. The created opening in the wall is a ''doorway'' or ''portal''. A door's essential and primary purpose is to provide security b ...
used on ships and boats to cover the opening to the cargo hold or other lower part of the ship. To make the cargo hold waterproof, most cargo holds have cargo hatch. This can be a waterproof door, like a
trap door with hinges or a cover that is places on top of the cargo hold opening, covered and held down with a
tarp or a latching system. Cargo hatch can also be flexible and roll up on to a pole. A small cargo hatch to a small storage locker is called a
Lazarette. Should a cargo hatch fail in a storm, the ship is at risk of sinking, such that has happened on
bulk carrier hatches. Some ships that sank due to cargo hatch failure:
MV Derbyshire
MV ''Derbyshire'' was a British ore-bulk-oil combination carrier built in 1976 by Swan Hunter, as the last in the series of the sextet. She was registered at Liverpool and owned by Bibby Line.
''Derbyshire'' was lost on 9 September 1980 duri ...
,
MV Christinaki
MV ''Christinaki'' was a Malta, Maltese bulk carrier which sank in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland during a force 10 gale with a cargo of scrap metal and 27 crew while she was travelling from Liverpool, United Kingdom to Vera Cruz (city ...
,
Bark Marques
The ''Marques'' was a British-registered barque that sank during the Tall Ships' Races in 1984.
The ''Marques'' was built in Valencia, Spain, in 1917, as a polacca-rigged brig. She was used to carry fruit from the Canary Islands to northern Eur ...
,
SS Henry Steinbrenner
The Great Lakes freighter SS ''Henry Steinbrenner'' was a long, wide, and deep, dry bulk freighter of typical construction style for the early 1900s, primarily designed for the iron ore, coal, and grain trades on the Great Lakes. Commissioned ...
,
SS El Faro,
SS Marine Electric, and the
SS Edmund Fitzgerald. Most cargo hatches have a
coaming, a raised edge around the hatch, to help keep out water.
The term batten down the hatches is used prepare the ship for bad weather. This may included securing cargo hatch covers with wooden
battens, to prevent water from entering from any angle. The term cargo hatch can also be a used for any deck opening leading to the cargo holds.
Aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines. ...
and
spacecraft
A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to spaceflight, fly in outer space. A type of artificial satellite, spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including Telecommunications, communications, Earth observation satellite, Earth ...
may also used the term for its cargo doors.
marineinsight.com Different Types And Designs of Hatch Covers Used For Ships, By Tanumoy Sinha, January 8, 2021
/ref>
:Basic types:»
* Lifting (up to remove)
* Rolling (rolls up on to a pole, trap type)
* Folding (fold up like paper or an accordion
* Sliding (slides on to the deck or over the side of ship)
* Roll stowing (roll up on to a pole, plates)
Gallery
File:SS Stevens A-deck aft cargo hatch 6.jpg, A weathered cargo hatch cover on the SS Stevens
SS ''Stevens'', a , 14,893-ton ship, served as a floating dormitory from 1968 to 1975 for about 150 students of Stevens Institute of Technology, a technological university, in Hoboken, NJ. Permanently moored on the scenic Hudson River at the ...
File:VIEW OF WHEELHOUSE FROM STARBOARD SIDE OF HATCH COAMING - Bugeye "Louise Travers", Intersection of Routes 2 and 4, Solomons, Calvert County, MD HAER MD,5-SOLOM,1-16.tif, Cargo hatch coaming (bottom right) on a bugeye
File:JS FUZI(AGB-5001) Cargo hatch at Port of Nagoya 20150530.JPG, Cargo hatch of the ship ''Port of Nagoya''
File:Maya OBO carrier 2.jpg, A sliding Cargo hatch cover on the OBO-carrier ''Maya''
File:Containerladeräume Schiff retouched.jpg, The cargo holds of a container ship
File:StateLibQld 1 148179 Omega (ship).jpg, Deck hatch of the ''Omega'', the last square-rigged sailing cargo ship
File:USS Henderson AP-1.jpg, USS Henderson (AP-1) at Panama Canal in 1933. With two open cargo hatches forward of the bridge.
File:Port Chicago disaster, pier diagram.jpg, Layout from above of the five cargo holds of a Liberty ship
Liberty ships were a ship class, class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Though British in concept, the design was adopted by the United States for its simple, low-cost constr ...
and a Victory ship from Port Chicago disaster.
File:Port Repair Ship diagram.jpg, Holds of U.S. Army Engineer Port Repair ship
File:USSRankinCargoHold.jpg, The cargo hold of USS Rankin (AKA-103)
USS ''Rankin'' (AKA-103/LKA-103) was a in service with the United States Navy from 1945 to 1947 and again from 1952 to 1971. She was finally sunk as an artificial reef in 1988.
History
USS ''Rankin'' was named after Rankin County, Mississip ...
for Combat loading
File:Charles W. Morgan cargo hold.jpg, Wood cargo hold on the SS Charles W. Morgan at Mystic Seaport
File:Mini-bulker loading scrap iron.jpg, Loading scrap iron in to a cargo hold with sliding covers
File:Cargo hold in MAGDALENE VINNEN with crew men positioning wool bales, March 1933 (6958570450).jpg, Positioning wool bales in a hold in 1933 into the ''Magdalene Vinnen (1921)''
Image:Hatch covers on bulk carrier.jpg, The sliding hatch covers of ''Zaira.''
File:Bulk carrier midship section en.svg, Bulk carrier hold midship cross section view
File:Sabrina I cropped.jpg, ''Sabrina I'' with five large holds
File:Expositie Russische kunstschatten te Den Haag, Bestanddeelnr 919-4826.jpg, Cargo hold
File:Alberg 22 sailboat Due Point lazarette 2504.jpg, A lazarette with a white cargo hatch cover
See also
* Plug door
*Cargo aircraft
A cargo aircraft (also known as freight aircraft, freighter, airlifter or cargo jet) is a fixed-wing aircraft that is designed or converted for the carriage of cargo rather than passengers. Such aircraft usually do not incorporate passenger am ...
* Edward Edgar Foden
Ships with Holds:
* Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermoda ...
newer mode
* Liberty ship
Liberty ships were a ship class, class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Though British in concept, the design was adopted by the United States for its simple, low-cost constr ...
* Thames sailing barge
* Type C1 ship
* Type C2 ship
* Type C3 ship
* Victory ship
References
Notes
Sources
*Sawyer, L.A. and W.H. Mitchell. ''Victory ships and tankers: The history of the ‘Victory’ type cargo ships and of the tankers built in the United States of America during World War II'', Cornell Maritime Press, 1974, 0-87033-182-5.
*United States Maritime Commission
*Victory Cargo Ship
External links
''SS Jeremiah O'Brien'', Liberty museum ship moored at Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, California
* ttp://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116liberty_victory_ships.htm Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in WarA lesson on Liberty ships and Victory ships from the National Park Service's Teaching with Historic Places.
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Ship compartments
Shipping