Capnodiales is a diverse

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Dothideomycetes Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1,300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more orders to the class. Traditionally, most of it ...

, initially based on the family Capnodiaceae, also known as

sooty mold Sooty mold (also spelled sooty mould) is a collective term for different Ascomycete fungi, which includes many genera, commonly ''Cladosporium'' and ''Alternaria''. It grows on plants and their fruit, but also environmental objects, like fences, ...

fungi. Sooty molds grow as

epiphyte An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphyt ...

s, forming masses of black cells on plant leaves and are often associated with the honeydew secreted by insects feeding on plant sap. This diverse

has been expanded by the addition of several families formerly thought unrelated and now also includes saprobes,

endophyte An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; ...

s, plant pathogens,

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...

s and rock-inhabiting fungi. The new additions include the genus '' Mycosphaerella'' containing the causal agents of several economically important crop and tree diseases. A small number of these fungi are also able to parasitise humans and animals, including species able to colonise human hair shafts ('' Piedraia hortae'').

Accepted families

* '' Aeminiaceae'' (1 genus) * '' Antennulariellaceae'' * '' Capnodiaceae'' * '' Cladosporiaceae'' * '' Cystocoleaceae'' * '' Dissoconiaceae'' * '' Euantennariaceae''Hughes, S.J. 1972. New Zealand Fungi 17. Pleomorphism in Euantaennariaceae and Metacapnodiaceae, two families of sooty moulds. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 10:225-242 * '' Extremaceae'' * '' Floricolaceae'' * '' Johansoniaceae'' * '' Metacapnodiaceae'' * '' Mycosphaerellaceae'' * '' Neoantennariellaceae'' * '' Neodevriesiaceae'' * '' Paradevriesiaceae'' * '' Phaeothecoidiellaceae'' * '' Piedraiaceae'' * '' Readerielliopsidaceae'' * '' Teratosphaeriaceae'' * '' Xenodevriesiaceae''

Genera ''incertae sedis''

There are several genera in the Capnodiales that have not been assigned to any family: *'' Anariste'' – 1 sp. *'' Catenulomyces'' – 1 sp. *'' Perusta'' – 1 sp. *'' Plurispermiopsis'' – 1 sp. *'' Pseudoepicoccum'' – 4 spp. *'' Racoleus'' – 2 sp. *'' Ramimonilia'' – 1 sp. *'' Rosaria'' – 1 sp. *'' Stigmatodothis'' – 1 sp. *'' Stomiopeltis'' – 25 spp.

References

Ascomycota orders Lichen orders Taxa described in 1925 {{Capnodiales-stub