''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the bindweed family

Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweed, bindweeds or morning glory, morning glories, is a Family (biology), family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, sh ...

. The genus has a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en ...

in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of the species

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

. They are annual or

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of ...

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

twining

vine A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.Jackson; Benjamin; Da ...

s growing 1–5 m tall, with spirally arranged leaves. The

flower Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...

s are trumpet-shaped, 3–10 cm diameter, white or pink, with (in most species) a sometimes inflated basal epicalyx. The genus bears much similarity to a related genus ''

Convolvulus ''Convolvulus'' is a genus of about 200 to 250''Convolvulus''.
Flora of China.

'', and is sometimes combined with it; it is distinguished primarily by the

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced Gametophyte#Heterospory, microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm ...

being smooth, and in the

ovary The ovary () is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova; when released, an ovum travels through the fallopian tube/ oviduct into the uterus. There is an ovary on the left and the right side of the body. The ovaries are end ...

being unilocular. Some of the species, notably ''

Calystegia sepium ''Calystegia sepium'' (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed and many others) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, subcosmopolit ...

'' and '' C. silvatica'', are problematic

weed A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, growing where it conflicts with human preferences, needs, or goals.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. Pla ...

s, which can swamp other more valuable plants by climbing over them, but some are also deliberately grown for their attractive

s. ''Calystegia'' species are eaten by the

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

e of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...

species including '' Bedellia somnulentella'' (recorded on ''C. sepium'') and

small angle shades The small angle shades (''Euplexia lucipara'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout the Palearctic. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. As the common name ...

. The name is derived from two Greek words ''kalyx'' or ''kalux'', "cup", and ''stege'', "a covering", meaning "a covering cup", this refers to the large bracts that cover the sepals.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Calystegia'': *'' Calystegia affinis'' *'' Calystegia atriplicifolia'' – nightblooming false bindweed *'' Calystegia binghamiae'' *'' Calystegia brummittii'' *'' Calystegia catesbiana'' – Catesby's false bindweed *'' Calystegia collina'' – Coast Range false bindweed *'' Calystegia felix'' *'' Calystegia hederacea'' – Japanese false bindweed *'' Calystegia × howittiorum'' *'' Calystegia × krauseana'' *'' Calystegia longipes'' – Paiute false bindweed, plateau morning glory *''

Calystegia × lucana ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' *'' Calystegia macaunii'' – Macoun's false bindweed *'' Calystegia macrostegia'' – island false bindweed *'' Calystegia malacophylla'' – sierra false bindweed *'' Calystegia marginata'' – small-flowered white bindweed New Zealand *'' Calystegia × melnikovae'' *'' Calystegia occidentalis'' – chaparral false bindweed *'' Calystegia peirsonii'' – Peirson's false bindweed *'' Calystegia pellita'' – hairy false bindweed *'' Calystegia pubescens'' *'' Calystegia × pulchra'' – hairy bindweed *'' Calystegia purpurata'' – Pacific false bindweed *'' Calystegia × scania'' *''

'' – large bindweed, hedge bindweed, bearbind, hedgebell (

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

) *'' Calystegia silvatica'' – great bindweed, shortstalk bindweed *'' Calystegia soldanella'' – sea bindweed, seashore false bindweed, beach morning glory *'' Calystegia spithamaea'' – low false bindweed, upright bindweed *'' Calystegia stebbinsii'' – Stebbins' false bindweed, Stebbins' morning glory *'' Calystegia subacaulis'' – hillside false bindweed *'' Calystegia tuguriorum'' – New Zealand bindweed, pōuwhiwhi, pōwhiwhi, rarotawake *'' Calystegia vanzuukiae'' File:DSCM1934_Helix_Zaunwinde.jpg File:Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe (8595873042).jpg, ''

'' ( van Houtte, L., 1853)

References

Flora of China: ''Calystegia''

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q149312 Convolvulaceae genera Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)