''Calymene'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

trilobite Trilobites (; meaning "three-lobed entities") are extinction, extinct marine arthropods that form the class (biology), class Trilobita. One of the earliest groups of arthropods to appear in the fossil record, trilobites were among the most succ ...

s in the order

Phacopida Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobites that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa in three related suborders. Characteristics Phacopida had 8 to 19 thoraci ...

, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

, and

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

in primarily

Silurian The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 23.5 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the third and shortest period of t ...

outcrops. ''Calymene'' is closely related to '' Flexicalymene'', and both genera are frequently found enrolled. Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments. The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822). A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816) (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.

Etymology

''Calymene'' - meaning ''beautiful crescent'' as a reference to the

glabella The glabella, in humans, is the area of skin between the eyebrows and above the nose. The term also refers to the underlying bone that is slightly depressed, and joins the two brow ridges. It is a cephalometric landmark that is just superior ...

Known species and locations

*†''

Calymene blumenbachii ''Calymene blumenbachii'', sometimes erroneously spelled ''blumenbachi'', is a species of trilobite discovered in the limestone quarries of the Wren's Nest in Dudley, England. Nicknamed the ''Dudley Bug'' or ''Dudley Locust'' by 18th-century ...

'',

Dudley Dudley ( , ) is a market town in the West Midlands, England, southeast of Wolverhampton and northwest of Birmingham. Historically part of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. In the ...

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

- Type *†''Calymene brevicapitata'', N. and S.

Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...

*†''Calymene breviceps'',

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

and

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

*†'' Calymene celebra'',

, and

Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...

. *†''Calymene clavicula'',

Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...

*†''Calymene daviesii'',

Radnorshire Radnorshire () was Historic counties of Wales, one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolishment in 1974, later becoming a Districts of Wales, district of Powys from 1974 to 1996. It covered a sparsely populat ...

*†''Calymene duplicata'', Wales and

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

*†''Calymene hopkinsoni'', Wales *†'' Calymene niagarensis'',

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

*†''Calymene parvifrons'', Wales *†''Calymene senaria'', N. Wales and Ireland *†''Calymene tristani'',

Cornwall Cornwall (; or ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is also one of the Celtic nations and the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, ...

, England *†''Calymene tuberculata'',

Gotland Gotland (; ; ''Gutland'' in Gutnish), also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland (), is Sweden's largest island. It is also a Provinces of Sweden, province/Counties of Sweden, county (Swedish län), Municipalities of Sweden, municipality, a ...

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

*†''Calymene vogdesi'',

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

*†''Calymene'' sp. in the

–

Ordovician The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era, and the second of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon (geology), Eon. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years f ...

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

Reassigned species

Since the genus ''Calymene'' was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera: * ''C. aculeata'' = '' Parasolenopleura aculeata'' * ''C. aequalis'' = '' Archegonus aequalis'' * ''C. anchiops'' = '' Anchiopella anchiops'' * ''C. arachnoides'' = '' Asteropyge arachnoides'' * ''C. arago'' = '' Colpocoryphe arago'' * ''C. articulata'' = '' Crotalocephalus articulatus'' * ''C. baylei'' = '' Metacalymene baylei'' * ''C. bellatula'' = '' Cybele bellatula'' * ''C. bufo rana'' = '' Phacops rana'' * ''C. calicephala'' = '' Orimops calicephala'' * ''C. canaliculata'' = '' Solenopleura canaliculata'' * ''C. cambrensis'' = '' Flexicalymene cambrensis'' * ''C. caractaci'' = '' Flexicalymene caractaci'' * ''C. clavifrons'' = '' Cyrtometopus clavifrons'' * ''C. concinna'' = '' Proetus concinnus'' * ''C. diademata'' = '' Diacalymene diademata'' * ''C. downingiae'' = '' Acaste downingiae'' * ''C. frontiloba'' = '' Pliomera fischeri'' * ''C. granulata'' = '' Phacops granulatus'' * ''C. holometopa'' = '' Solenopleura holometopa'' * ''C. marginata'' = '' Perliproetus marginata'' * ''C. odini'' = '' Chasmops odini'' * ''C. ornata'' = '' Ceraurinella ornata'' * ''C. papillata'' = '' Papillicalymene papillata'' * ''C. platycephala'' = '' Platycoryphe platycephala'' * ''C. polytoma'' = '' Pliomera fischeri'' * ''C. sclerops'' = '' Pterygometopus sclerops'' * ''C. sinensis'' = '' Blackwelderia sinensis'' * ''C. speciosa'' = '' Parapilekia speciosa'' * ''C. stenometopa'' = '' Acrocephalites stenometopus'' * ''C. stokesii'' =

Phacopidae Phacopidae is a family (biology), family of Phacopida, phacopid trilobites that ranges from the Lower Ordovician to the Upper Devonian, with representatives in all Supercontinents, paleocontinents. Description As in all Phacopina, the eyes (if ...

, generic assignment uncertain * ''C. tingi'' = '' Calymenesun tingi'' * ''C. tournemini'' = '' Placoparia tournemini'' * ''C. tristani'' = '' Synhomalonotus tristani'' * ''C. unicornis'' = '' Reedocalymene unicornis'' * ''C. variolaris'' = '' Balizoma variolaris'' * ''C. verrucosa'' = '' Atractopyge verrucosa'' * ''C. volborthi'' = '' Ptychometopus volborthi''

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2581412 Calymenidae Silurian trilobites of Europe Silurian trilobites of North America Early Ordovician first appearances Early Devonian genus extinctions Phacopida genera Tremadocian Floian Dapingian Darriwilian Sandbian Katian Hirnantian Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian Sheinwoodian Homerian Gorstian Ludfordian Pridoli life Lochkovian life Pragian life Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state) Paleozoic life of Ontario Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia Paleozoic life of Nunavut Paleozoic life of Quebec Fossil taxa described in 1822