Caliciales is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

of mostly

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...

ized fungi in the class

Lecanoromycetes Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. The group is ...

. It consists of two families:

Caliciaceae The Caliciaceae are a family (taxonomy), family of mostly lichen-forming fungus, fungi belonging to the class (taxonomy), class Lecanoromycetes in the division (mycology), division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classification chan ...

and

Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family. Description The Physiaceae family includes various ...

, which together contain 54

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

and more than 1200 species. The order was

circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...

by American botanist

Charles Edwin Bessey Charles Edwin Bessey (21 May 1845 – 25 February 1915) was an American botanist. Biography He was born at Milton, Wayne County, Ohio. He graduated in 1869 at the Michigan State Agricultural College. Bessey also studied at Harvard Universit ...

in 1907.

Families and genera

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...

(in the

Catalogue of Life The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxono ...

) accepts 2 families, 56 genera, and 910 species in the Caliciales. *

::'' Acolium'' – 5 spp. ::'' Acroscyphus'' – 1 sp. ::'' Allocalicium'' – 1 sp. ::''

Amandinea ''Amandinea'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Genetic studies indicates that the genus ''Amandinea'' and ''Buellia'' are the same,Scheidegger, C. 2009. Amandinea Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer (1993). In: C. W. Smith ...

'' – 83 spp. ::'' Australiaena'' – 1 sp. ::'' Baculifera'' – 18 spp. ::''

Buellia ''Buellia'' is a genus of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The fungi are usually part of a crustose lichen. In this case, the lichen species is given the same name as the fungus. But members may also grow as parasites on lic ...

'' – 201 spp. ::''

Calicium ''Calicium'' is a genus of leprose lichens. It is in the family Caliciaceae, and has 40 species. The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having ...

'' – 36 spp. ::'' Chrismofulvea'' – 3 spp. ::'' Ciposia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Cratiria'' – 23 spp. ::'' Dermatiscum'' – 2 sp. ::'' Dermiscellum'' – 1 sp. ::'' Dimelaena'' – 10 spp. ::'' Diploicia'' – 6 spp. ::'' Diplotomma'' – 12 spp. ::''

Dirinaria ''Dirinaria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. ...

'' – 18 spp. ::'' Endohyalina'' – 10 sp. ::'' Fluctua'' – 1 sp. ::'' Gassicurtia'' – 30 spp. ::''

Hafellia ''Hafellia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions. The genus is named in honour of the Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner. The genus was propos ...

'' – 13 spp. ::'' Hypoflavia'' – 3 spp. ::'' Monerolechia'' – 5 spp. ::'' Orcularia'' – 3 spp. ::'' Pseudothelomma'' – 2 spp. ::''

Pyxine ''Pyxine'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in tropical regions. The presence or absence of the compound lichexanthone is a character used in classifying ''Pyxine '' species; about ...

'' – 44 spp. ::'' Redonia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Santessonia'' – 3 sp. ::'' Sculptolumina'' – 5 spp. ::'' Sphinctrinopsis'' – 1 sp. ::'' Stigmatochroma'' – 8 spp. ::'' Tetramelas'' – 31 spp. ::'' Texosporium'' – 1 sp. ::'' Thelomma'' – 2 spp. ::'' Tholurna'' – 1 sp. ::'' Tylophoropsis – 1 sp. *

::'' Anaptychia'' – 5 spp. ::'' Awasthia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Coscinocladium'' – 2 spp. ::'' Culbersonia'' – 1 sp. ::''

Heterodermia ''Heterodermia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 80 species. Description ''Heterodermia'' are subterranean or almost upright le ...

'' – 49 spp. ::''

Hyperphyscia ''Hyperphyscia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. These lichens form tightly attached, leaf-like crusts that spread outward in rosettes, with individual radiating in shallow, overlapping tiers that are seldom mor ...

'' – 7 spp. ::''

Kashiwadia ''Kashiwadia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2014 to contain the species ''Physcia orientalis'', after molecular phylogenetic ...

'' – 1 sp. ::'' Leucodermia'' – 11 spp. ::'' Mobergia'' – 1 sp. ::''

Oxnerella ''Oxnerella'' is a genus of centrohelid The centrohelids or centroheliozoa are a large group of heliozoan protists. They include both mobile and sessile forms, found in freshwater and marine environments, especially at some depth. Characteris ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Phaeophyscia ''Phaeophyscia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. These lichens typically appear as leaf-like (foliose) growths that spread across tree bark, rocks, or other surfaces, usually in well-lit, nutrient-rich environments. ...

'' – 22 spp. ::'' Phaeorrhiza'' – 1 sp. ::''

Physcia ''Physcia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The widely distributed genus contains about 80 species. The genus is cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan, and has been extensively studied in various regions in the p ...

'' – 43 spp. ::'' Physciella'' – 4 spp. ::''

Physconia ''Physconia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It comprises 13 species. The genus was established in 1965 by the lichenologist Josef Poelt and is characterized by leaf-like growth forms with typically less than 3 ...

'' – 15 spp. ::'' Polyblastidium'' – 18 spp. ::'' Rinodina'' – 132 spp. ::'' Rinodinella'' – 3 spp. ::'' Tornabea'' – 1 sp.

References

Caliciales Lecanoromycetes orders Lichen orders Taxa described in 1907 {{Caliciales-stub