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The Cabanada or War of Cabanos was a
The Cabanada movement was active in
rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a ...
that occurred in the Empire of Brazil
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and Uruguay until the latter achieved independence in 1828. The empire's government was a Representative democracy, representative Par ...
between 1832 and 1835. it started shortly after the abdication
Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the Order of succession, succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of ...
of Dom Pedro I
Dom or DOM may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Dom (given name), including fictional characters
* Dom (surname)
* Dom La Nena (born 1989), stage name of Brazilian-born cellist, singer and songwriter Dominique Pinto
* Dom people, an e ...
, during the regency period
The Regency era of British history is commonly understood as the years between and 1837, although the official regency for which it is named only spanned the years 1811 to 1820. King George III first suffered debilitating illness in the late ...
.
Background
The new regime was facing financial difficulties, with foreign trade almost stagnant, cotton and cane sugar prices declining, and the privilege customs to England, in force since 1810, continuing. This financial instability led to riots that erupted throughout theEmpire of Brazil
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and Uruguay until the latter achieved independence in 1828. The empire's government was a Representative democracy, representative Par ...
in that period.
The Cabanada movement was active in Pernambuco
Pernambuco ( , , ) is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.5 million people as of 2024, it is the List of Brazilian states by population, ...
, Alagoas, and Pará
Pará () is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian st ...
, but insurrections arose in different places and different times. The first one deals with the revolt in Pernambuco and Alagoas and the second in the Pará region.
Pernambuco and Alagoas
In Pernambuco, where the rebellion was known as "The War of Cabanada," the conservative Cabanadas demanded the return of the Portuguese monarch to the throne of Brazil. Rioting occurred inZona da Mata
The Zona da Mata (, "Forest Belt") is the narrow coastal plain between the Atlantic Ocean and the dry '' agreste'' and ''sertão'' regions in the northeastern Brazilian states of Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alag ...
and Agreste
The agreste (, "countryside") is a narrow zone of Brazil in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia between the coastal forest '' zona da mata'' and the semiarid ''sertão''. The agreste fades out afte ...
. Its leader was Vicente de Paula, with followers of humble origin, predominantly Indians (Jacuípe and others) and slave
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavemen ...
s on the run (called ''papaméis'').
With the death of D. Pedro I in Portugal (1834), the movement had lost its impetus, and the rebellion ended with a peace conference arranged by Bishop João da Purificação Marques Perdigão. Even so, the governors Manoel de Carvalho Paes de Andrade and Antonio Pinto da Gama Chichorro sent an army of 4000 soldiers to surround the place, arresting hundreds of insurgents.
Pará
The insurrection of Cabanada in Pará was more severe because it was a nationalist movement and wanted the independence of the province. It lasted about 5 years, pacified by the Marechal Soares de Andréa, Baron Caçapava at the expense of several bloody conflicts and executions of insurgents. At the end of Cabanada, the leader Vicente de Paula was arrested and sent to the island ofFernando de Noronha
Fernando de Noronha (), officially the State District of Fernando de Noronha () and formerly known as the Federal Territory of Fernando de Noronha () until 1988, is an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, part of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and ...
See also
* War of the Peddlers 1710 to 1711 * Conspiracy of Suassuna 1801 * 1817 Revolution 1817 *Confederation of the Equator
The Confederation of the Equator () was a short-lived rebellion that occurred in the northeastern region of the Empire of Brazil in 1824, in the early years of the country's independence from Portugal. The secessionist movement was led by libera ...
1824
* April Revolt
The April Revolt () was an absolutist political revolt that took place in the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in April 1824. It succeeded the 1823 '' Vilafrancada'' and foreshadowed the Liberal Wars which raged from 1828 u ...
1832
* Praieira Revolution 1848 to 1850
References
Wars involving Brazil Rebellions in Brazil 1832 in Brazil 1833 in Brazil 1834 in Brazil 1835 in Brazil {{Brazil-hist-stub