Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 181 (CCDC181) is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

that in human is encoded by C1orf114, which is located at the

Chromosome 1 Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome. Humans have two copies of chromosome 1, as they do with all of the autosomes, which are the non-sex chromosomes. Chromosome 1 spans about 249 million nucleotide base pairs, which a ...

at 1q24.2. The accession is Q5T1D7. Researches have recently revealed that CCDC 181 is a

microtubule Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nanometer, nm and have an inner diameter bet ...

-binding protein that interacts with

murine The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families excep ...

Hook1 in

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell (biology), cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for Autosome, autosomal and Pseudoautosomal region, pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the num ...

male germ cells and localizes to the sperm tail and motile cilia. The disruption of Hook1 may lead to inappropriate function of

spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicle. This process starts with the Mitosis, mitotic division of the stem cells located close to the basement membrane of ...

. The dysfunction may be related to the abnormal head shape of

sperm Sperm (: sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive Cell (biology), cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one). Animals produce motile sperm ...

or distinctive structural changes in

flagella A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores ( zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many pr ...

in sperm, which can result in

male infertility Male infertility refers to a sexually mature male's inability to impregnate a fertile female. Male infertility can wholly or partially account for 40% of infertility among couples who are trying to have children. "A problem with the male is the s ...

. An increased rate of my gene has found in the haploid phase of male cell during

meiosis Meiosis () is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one c ...

, thus it is believed to relate to sperm cell and aid in spermatogenesis.

Expression

It is discovered that a significant high expression of CCDC 181 found on human

testis A testicle or testis ( testes) is the gonad in all male bilaterians, including humans, and is Homology (biology), homologous to the ovary in females. Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of Androgen, androgens, p ...

, which is a male

reproductive The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are al ...

gland A gland is a Cell (biology), cell or an Organ (biology), organ in an animal's body that produces and secretes different substances that the organism needs, either into the bloodstream or into a body cavity or outer surface. A gland may also funct ...

. This is related to the study of its encoded protein-CCDC181, which relates to human infertility when in low expression. Also, high expression of protein is found in the olfactory area and cortical subplate. Researchers have studied the expression of CCDC 181 under different conditions. One of the outstanding findings is that under the coexistence of Rho GTP dissociation inhibitor, the expression of CCDC 181 is depressed. Rho GTP dissociation inhibitor has a phenomenal effect on

bladder cancer Bladder cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the bladder. These cells can grow to form a tumor, which eventually spreads, damaging the bladder and other organs. Most people with bladder cancer are diagnosed after noticing blood in thei ...

cells, so studies have suggested that CCDC 181 might also be related to bladder cancer.

Homology

Orthologs have been found mainly in

eukaryotes The eukaryotes ( ) constitute the domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. They constitute a major group of ...

, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, with the highest identity on the mammalian species. {, class="wikitable" !Genus
species !Common
name !Divergence
from
humans
(MYA) !NCBI
mRNA
accession !Sequence
identity !Sequence similarity !Length
(aa) , - , ''Homo sapiens'' , Humans , -- , NM_001300968 , -- , -- , 508 , - , '' Odobenus rosmarus divergens'' , Walrus , 96 , XP_012420860 , 86% , 93% , 507 , - , '' Physeter catodon'' , Sperm whale , 96 , XP_007102112 , 84% , 91% , 509 , - , ''

Balaenoptera acutorostrata The common minke whale or northern minke whale (''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest species of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Althoug ...

scammoni'' , Minke whale , 96 , XP_007172548 , 84% , 90% , 509 , - , '' Ictidomys tridecemlineatus'' , Thirteen-lined ground squirrel , 90 , XP_021578354 , 81% , 90% , 507 , - , '' Octodon degus'' , Degu , 90 , XP_023564408 , 80% , 89% , 537 , - , '' Rousettus aegyptiacus'' , Egyptian fruit bat , 96 , XP_016004092 , 78% , 88% , 505 , - , '' Pteropus vampyrus'' , Large flying fox , 96 , XP_023393329 , 78% , 89% , 522 , - , '' Condylura cristata'' , star-nosed mole , 96 , XP_004688522 , 78% , 87% , 508 , - , '' Mustela putorius furo'' , Ferret , 96 , XP_004756715 , 69% , 78% , 459 , - , '' Nestor notabilis'' , Kea , 312 , XP_010014066 , 56% , 72% , 498 , - , ''

Pelodiscus sinensis The Chinese softshell turtle (''Pelodiscus sinensis'') is a species of softshell turtle that is native to mainland China (Inner Mongolia to Guangxi, including Hong Kong) and Taiwan, with records of escapees—some of which have established Intro ...

'' , Chinese softshell turtle , 312 , XP_006112275 , 55% , 73% , 512 , - , ''

Sorex araneus The common shrew (''Sorex araneus''), also known as the Eurasian shrew, is the most common shrew, and one of the most common mammals, throughout Northern Europe, including Great Britain, but excluding Ireland. It is long and weighs , and has ve ...

'' , shrew , 96 , XP_012789334 , 55% , 71% , 502 , - , ''

Chelonia mydas The green sea turtle (''Chelonia mydas''), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle, is a species of large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Chelonia''. Its range exten ...

'' , Green sea turtle , 312 , XP_007061692 , 54% , 72% , 517 , - , ''

Xenopus tropicalis The western clawed frog (''Xenopus tropicalis'') is a species of frog in the family Pipidae, also known as tropical clawed frog. It is the only species in the genus ''Xenopus'' to have a diploid genome. Its genome has been sequenced, making it a ...

'' , western clawed frog , 352 , XP_012813116 , 42% , 61% , 471 , - , '' Lonchura striata domestica'' , society finch , 312 , XP_021404557 , 40% , 61% , 488 , - , '' Nanorana parkeri'' , High Himalaya frog , 352 , XP_018423291 , 36% , 56% , 334 , - , ''

Scleropages formosus The Asian arowana (''Scleropages formosus'') comprises several phenotype, phenotypic varieties of fresh water, freshwater fish distributed geographically across Southeast Asia. While most consider the different varieties to belong to a single sp ...

'' , Asian arowana , 435 , XP_018603557 , 35% , 55% , 389 , - , '' Hippocampus comes'' , Tiger tail seahorse , 435 , XP_019735712 , 29% , 44% , 439 Genes on human chromosome 1