Carl Richard Hagen (; born February 2, 1937) is a

professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...

particle physics Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of Elementary particle, fundamental particles and fundamental interaction, forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the s ...

at the

University of Rochester The University of Rochester is a private university, private research university in Rochester, New York, United States. It was founded in 1850 and moved into its current campus, next to the Genesee River in 1930. With approximately 30,000 full ...

. He is most noted for his contributions to the

Standard Model The Standard Model of particle physics is the Scientific theory, theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetism, electromagnetic, weak interaction, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the unive ...

and

Symmetry breaking In physics, symmetry breaking is a phenomenon where a disordered but Symmetry in quantum mechanics, symmetric state collapses into an ordered, but less symmetric state. This collapse is often one of many possible Bifurcation theory, bifurcatio ...

as well as the 1964 co-discovery of the

Higgs mechanism In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the Mass generation, generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles ...

and

Higgs boson The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the excited state, quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the field (physics), fields in particl ...

with Gerald Guralnik and Tom Kibble (GHK). As part of

Physical Review Letters ''Physical Review Letters'' (''PRL''), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society. The journal is considered one of the most prestigious in the field of physics ...

50th anniversary celebration, the journal recognized this discovery as one of the milestone papers in PRL history. While widely considered to have authored the most complete of the early papers on the Higgs theory, GHK were controversially not included in the 2013

Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics () is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the ...

. In 2010, Hagen was awarded The

American Physical Society The American Physical Society (APS) is a not-for-profit membership organization of professionals in physics and related disciplines, comprising nearly fifty divisions, sections, and other units. Its mission is the advancement and diffusion of ...

's J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics for the ''"elucidation of the properties of

spontaneous symmetry breaking Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a spontaneous process of symmetry breaking, by which a physical system in a symmetric state spontaneously ends up in an asymmetric state. In particular, it can describe systems where the equations of motion o ...

in four-dimensional relativistic

gauge theory In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian, and hence the dynamics of the system itself, does not change under local transformations according to certain smooth families of operations (Lie groups). Formally, t ...

and of the mechanism for the consistent generation of

vector boson In particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers of fundamental interactions. Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any ...

masses"''. Professor Hagen's research interests are in the field of theoretical

high-energy physics Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the stu ...

, primarily in the area of

quantum field theory In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines Field theory (physics), field theory and the principle of relativity with ideas behind quantum mechanics. QFT is used in particle physics to construct phy ...

. This includes the formulation and quantization of higher spin field theories within the context of

Galilean relativity Galilean invariance or Galilean relativity states that the laws of motion are the same in all inertial frames of reference. Galileo Galilei first described this principle in 1632 in his ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' using t ...

as well as that of

Special relativity In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between Spacetime, space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, Annus Mirabilis papers#Special relativity, "On the Ele ...

. Work in recent years has been concerned with such topics as the soluble two-dimensional theories, Chern–Simons field theory, the

Aharonov–Bohm effect The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanics, quantum-mechanical phenomenon in which an electric charge, electrically charged point particle, particle is affected by an elect ...

, and the

Casimir effect In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) is a physical force (physics), force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of a field (physics), field. The term Casim ...

. In 2015, Hagen authored a paper that found the classic 17th century Wallis formula for while calculating energy levels of the

Hydrogen atom A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen. The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb for ...

– the first paper to derive from

physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

and

quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics is the fundamental physical Scientific theory, theory that describes the behavior of matter and of light; its unusual characteristics typically occur at and below the scale of atoms. Reprinted, Addison-Wesley, 1989, It is ...

. Born and raised in

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

, Hagen received his B.S.,

M.S. A Master of Science (; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master's degree. In contrast to the Master of Arts degree, the Master of Science degree is typically granted for studies in sciences, engineering and medicine ...

, and Ph.D. in

from the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of moder ...

. At

MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and sc ...

, his

doctoral thesis A thesis (: theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.International Standard ISO 7144: D ...

topic was in

quantum electrodynamics In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the Theory of relativity, relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quant ...

. He has been a

at the

since 1963. Hagen won the Award for Excellence in Teaching, Department of Physics and Astronomy,

twice (in 1996 and 1999). Hagen is a Fellow of the

and was named Outstanding Referee by APS in 2008.

Valparaiso University Valparaiso University (Valpo) is a private university in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. It is an independent Lutheran university with five colleges. It enrolls nearly 2,300 students and has a campus. The university is known for its Luthe ...

awarded Hagen the degree Honorary Doctor of Science in 2012 for his significant contributions to

and the theory of

mass Mass is an Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, intrinsic property of a physical body, body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the physical quantity, quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physi ...

generation.

References

External links

C.R. Hagen Faculty PagePapers written by C.R. Hagen on Google ScholarPapers written by C.R. Hagen on Spires abstract servicePhysical Review Letters - 50th Anniversary Milestone Papers
*[https://www.pas.rochester.edu/news-events/archive/2009/2009-09-30_hagen_wins_sakrai_prize.html University of Rochester Physics - C.R. Hagen Wins 2010 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics]
University of Rochester Sakurai Prize Press ReleaseC. Richard Hagen - 2010 J. J. Sakurai Prize Winner
* * * * *
"Scientists relish possible 'God particle' find." USA Today (July 3, 2012)Hagen Calls CERN Findings a ‘Remarkable Achievement’ but Says More Work Is NeededHagen awaits Nobel Prize decision (October 7, 2013)Hagen Considered For Nobel Prize (October 7, 2013)Hagen disappointed in Nobel Prize decision (October 8, 2013)Nobel Prize Eludes Hagen (October 8, 2013)Economist on 2013 Nobel Prizes and GHK paper (October 12, 2013)The Nobel Prize And The Rule Of Three. NPR Weekend Edition (December 14, 2013)Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble Mechanism on ScholarpediaHistory of Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble Mechanism on ScholarpediaUR prof and Nobel candidate to speak at Rochester Museum & Science Center
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hagen, C.R. American people of Norwegian descent 21st-century American physicists American particle physicists University of Rochester faculty Living people 1937 births American theoretical physicists J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics recipients Fellows of the American Physical Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni Aspen Center for Physics people

See also

References

External links