Bushbuck

The Cape bushbuck (''Tragelaphus sylvaticus'') is a common and a widespread species of antelope in sub-Saharan Africa.Wronski T, Moodley Y. (2009)
Bushbuck, harnessed antelope or both?
''Gnusletter'', 28(1):18-19. Bushbuck are found in a wide range of habitats, such as rain forests, montane forests, forest-savanna mosaic, savanna, bushveld, and woodland. Bushbuck stand about at the shoulder and weigh from . They are generally solitary, territorial browsers.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of bushbuck, and of the Tragelaphini tribe in general, has been contested. Bushbuck have been fractured into over 40 subspecies in the past. mtDNA profiles of a large number of samples were resolved in 2009 as belonging to 19 groups, some corresponding to previously described subspecies, while others were previously unrecognised and remained unnamed. These groups were then organised into two taxa - a nominate northern subspecies (''T. s. scriptus'') and a southern subspecies ''T. s. sylvaticus''. In the 1780 original description of ''T. sylvaticus'' from the Cape Region by Sparrman, no mention was made of striping. According to Moodley ''et al''., males of type populations in West Africa are more often striped than southern and eastern specimens, although this is not always the case.

In 2011, Groves and Grubb advocated recognising eight species of bushbuck: ''T. scriptus'' (Pallas, 1766); ''T. phaleratus'' (Hamilton Smith, 1827); ''T. bor'' Heuglin, 1877; ''T. decula'' (Rüppell, 1835); ''T. meneliki'' Neumann, 1902; ''T. fasciatus'' Pocock, 1900; ''T. ornatus'' Pocock, 1900; and ''T. sylvaticus'' (Sparrman, 1780), grouped in a northern and southern 'group'. The Ethiopian endemic species known as Menelik's bushbuck or ''decula'' was classified as a ''scriptus'' group species as opposed to Woodley. In the case of ''Tragelaphus'', these 'species' would be based mostly on geography and pelage as opposed to genetics. These proposals are controversial.

In 2018, Hassanin et al. published a molecular phylogenetic study that provided support for the ''scriptus'' and ''sylvaticus'' species, with a divergence time of at least 2 million years, albeit with considerable genetic diversity within each of these groups.

Description

Bushbuck stand about at the shoulder and weigh from (depending on sex). They have a light brown coat, with up to seven white stripes and white splotches on the sides. The white patches are usually geometrically shaped and on the most mobile parts of their bodies, such as the ears, chin, tail, legs, and necks. The muzzles are also white. Horns, found only on the males, can reach over half a metre and have a single twist. At 10 months old, young males sprout horns that are particularly twisted and at maturity form the first loop of a spiral.

Cape bushbuck

The Cape bushbuck has on average less striping and more uniform colouration than populations in West Africa. Cape bushbuck occur from the Cape in South Africa to Angola and Zambia and up the eastern part of Africa to Ethiopia and Somalia, according to one interpretation.Moodley Y, Bruford MW. (2007
Molecular biogeography: Towards an integrated framework for conserving pan-African biodiversity
''PLoS ONE''. 2:e454. Other interpretations restrict the taxon to Southern Africa ''sensu stricto'' or consider them ''sensu lato'' to occur in the above range except eastern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia. The first Latin name that can be attributed to the Cape bushbuck was ''Antilope sylvatica'' after Sparrman (1780), described from the Cape Colony.

Ecology

Bushbuck browse on trees, shrubs, and forbs; they rarely if ever eat grasses. Studies of free-ranging bushbuck in various parts of southeastern Africa using DNA metabarcoding show that bushbuck frequently forage on acacias ('' Senegalia'', '' Vachellia'') and other legumes, along with mallows (''Grewia'', '' Hibiscus''), bushwillows (''Combretum''), buckthorns ('' Berchemia'', '' Ziziphus'') and various other plants. Bushbuck are active throughout the day, but tend to be nocturnal near human habitations.

Bushbuck are solitary animals, but are not aggressively antisocial, and individuals sometimes forage in close proximity. Bushbuck live within a "home" area, which is usually around 50,000 m² on the savannah and much larger in the forest, that they will not normally leave. These areas usually overlap other bushbuck home areas.

Some game farmers in southern Africa discovered that the bushbuck may compete with the closely related, larger nyala when they tried to introduce the two species to the same area. However, the two species are often found in close proximity in natural communities (e.g., in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique).

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:bushbuck, Cape
Cape bushbuck
Mammals of Southern Africa
Cape bushbuck
Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas