Bucellarian Theme

The Bucellarian Theme ( el, Βουκελλάριον θέμα, ''Boukellarion thema''), more properly known as the Theme of the Bucellarians ( el, θέμα Βουκελλαρίων, ''thema Boukellariōn'') was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in northern Asia Minor (modern Turkey). It was created around the middle of the 8th century, comprising most of the ancient region of Paphlagonia and parts of Galatia and Phrygia..

History

The theme was established sometime after 743 and before 767 by the Emperor Constantine V (r. 741–775), following the suppression of the revolt of Artabasdos, the Count of the '' Opsikion''. The new theme, along with that of the ''Optimatoi'' was split off from the ''Opsikion'' as formed part of the Emperor's policy to reduce the latter's power... The name of the theme derives from the late Roman '' Bucellarii'', elite cavalry troops of Gothic or Roman origin, often found as privately recruited bodyguard troops. By the early 7th century, they formed an elite division in the ''Opsikion'' field force, coming under a ''domestikos'' before their elevation to a full theme. The ''strategos'' of the Bucellarians is attested for the first time in 767, providing a ''terminus ante quem'' for its creation. His headquarters were at Ancyra, the former capital of ''Opsikion'', and he belonged to the second tier of ''strategoi'' with an annual salary of 30 pounds of gold. According to Arab geographers, he commanded some 8,000 troops. The court ranks of the Bucellarian ''strategoi'' ranged from the mid-level ''spatharios'' to the higher ''protospatharios'', with a single occurrence of the more exalted ''patrikios'' in the 10th century. Claudiopolis is the only attested base of one of the theme's ''tourmai''. Despite it being originally a cavalry theme (''thema kaballarikon''), the Bucellarians, as well as the later Paphlagonian theme, also included a small fleet, active in the Black Sea. The "''katepano'' of the Bucellarians and the Paphlagonians", whose seal is attested in the 10th century, was the commander of this naval contingent. However, evidence points to the fact that the 10th-century fleet was composed of merchantmen and transport ships, not warships..

Initially, the theme stretched from the Black Sea coast to the central Anatolian plateau, bordering the ''Optimatoi'' and the rump of the ''Opsikion'' in the west, the Anatolic theme in the south, and the Armeniac theme in the east. In the 9th century, however, probably c. 820, the northeastern half of the theme was detached and formed, perhaps with some territory from the Armeniac theme, the new theme of Paphlagonia. Its extent was further reduced under Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912), when eight southern and southeastern ''banda'' were removed to form part of the new themes of Cappadocia (around Lake Tuz) and Charsianon (east of the Halys River). In the 9th century, it comprised two towns and thirteen fortresses, while five towns are recorded in the 10th century. The theme survived until it was overrun by the Seljuk Turks following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The name ''Boukellariōn'', however, survived as a geographical designation in Byzantine sources up until 1263.

References

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Further reading

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{{Byzantine themes in De Thematibus

States and territories established in the 8th century
Byzantine Paphlagonia
Themes of the Byzantine Empire