The Eyalet of Bosnia ( ota, ایالت بوسنه ,Eyālet-i Bōsnâ;
[ By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters] ;
sh, Bosanski pašaluk), was an
eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
(administrative division, also known as a ''beylerbeylik'') of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ...
. Prior to the
Great Turkish War
The Great Turkish War (german: Großer Türkenkrieg), also called the Wars of the Holy League ( tr, Kutsal İttifak Savaşları), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Pola ...
, it had also included most of
Slavonia
Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Bar ...
,
Lika
Lika () is a traditional region of Croatia proper, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. On the north-west end Lika is bounded by Ogulin-Plaški basin, and on the south-east b ...
, and
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, str ...
in present-day
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capi ...
. Its reported area in 1853 was .
Background
After the execution of
King Stephen Tomašević
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king.
*In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the t ...
in 1463, the central part of the
Kingdom of Bosnia
The Kingdom of Bosnia ( sh, Kraljevina Bosna / Краљевина Босна), or Bosnian Kingdom (''Bosansko kraljevstvo'' / Босанско краљевство), was a medieval kingdom that lasted for nearly a century, from 1377 to 1463, and ...
was transformed into the
sanjak of Bosnia. The
Duchy of Herzegovina
Duchy of Saint Sava ( sr-Cyr, Војводство Светог Саве, Vojvodstvo Svetog Save) was a late medieval polity in southeastern Europe, that existed from 1448 up to 1482, when it was absorbed by the Ottoman Empire. It was ruled by ...
was added in 1483.
History
Establishment
In 1580,
Ferhad Pasha Sokolović became the first governor of the Bosnia Eyalet, as
beylerbey
''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit= bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Selj ...
(also referred to as "
pasha
Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignita ...
").
The Bosnia Eyalet (or Pashaluk) included the
Sanjak of Bosnia (central province),
Sanjak of Herzegovina
The Sanjak of Herzegovina ( tr, Hersek Sancağı; sh, Hercegovački sandžak) was an Ottoman administrative unit established in 1470. The seat was in Foča until 1572 when it was moved to Taşlıca (Pljevlja). The sanjak was initially part of ...
,
Sanjak of Vučitrn,
Sanjak of Prizren,
Sanjak of Klis,
Sanjak of Krka, and
Sanjak of Pakrac.
The
Ottoman wars in Europe
A series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states took place from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century. The earliest conflicts began during the Byzantine–Ottoman wars, waged in Anatolia in ...
continued throughout the period, and the province reached its territorial peak in 1683.
Decline
The
Great Turkish War
The Great Turkish War (german: Großer Türkenkrieg), also called the Wars of the Holy League ( tr, Kutsal İttifak Savaşları), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Pola ...
that ended in Ottoman defeat in 1699 led to a significant decrease in the territory of the Eyalet, losing all the
Slavonia
Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Bar ...
n sanjaks ("Požeški sandžak" and "Pakrački sandžak"), the sanjak of Lika and big parts of the Dalmatian coast from the sanjaks of Klisa and Herzegovina. The Eyalet lost three sanjaks and suppressed one (the sanjak of Bihać): after the
Treaty of Karlowitz
The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed in Karlowitz, Military Frontier of Archduchy of Austria (present-day Sremski Karlovci, Serbia), on 26 January 1699, concluding the Great Turkish War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated by ...
, the province was down to four sanjaks (three of them diminished in size as well) and twelve captaincies. Before the
Treaty of Passarowitz, another 28 military captaincies were formed, more than half of them along the frontier. This kind of intensive military administration corresponded to the Austrian
Military Frontier on the other side of the same border. In 1703 the seat of the pasha was moved from Sarajevo to
Travnik
Travnik is a town and a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the administrative center of Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Sarajevo. As of 2 ...
, because Sarajevo had been destroyed by fire in the war; it wouldn't be moved back until 1850.
[ By Mladen Klemenčić]
Bosnian uprising
At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was one of the least developed and more autonomous provinces of the Empire.
[ By Mitja Velikonja] In 1831, Bosnian kapudan
Husein Gradaščević, after meeting in
Tuzla
Tuzla (, ) is the third-largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the administrative center of Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 110,979 inhabitants.
Tuzla is the economic, cultural, e ...
with Bosnian aristocrats from 20 January to 5 February for preparations, finally occupied
Travnik
Travnik is a town and a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the administrative center of Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Sarajevo. As of 2 ...
, demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia.
Ultimately, exploiting the rivalries between beys and kapudans, the grand vizier succeeded in detaching the Herzegovinian forces, led by
Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, from Gradaščević's.
The revolt was crushed, and in 1833, a new
eyalet of Herzegovina was created from the southern part of the eyalet of Bosnia and given to Ali-paša Rizvanbegović as a reward for his contribution in crushing the uprising.
This new entity lasted only for a few years: after Rizvanbegović's death, it was reintegrated into the Bosnia eyalet.
It was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a
vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the
Bosnia Vilayet.
Administration
Administrative divisions
Capitals
Bosnia Eyalet's capital city moved several times:
*
Travnik
Travnik is a town and a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the administrative center of Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Sarajevo. As of 2 ...
(1553; 1697–1833; 1839/40–1851)
*
Banja Luka
Banja Luka ( sr-Cyrl, Бања Лука, ) or Banjaluka ( sr-Cyrl, Бањалука, ) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the largest city of Republika Srpska. Banja Luka is also the ''de facto'' capital of this entity. ...
(Banyaluka or Banaluka) (1553–1638)
*
Sarajevo
Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see names in other languages'') is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area including Sarajevo ...
(Saray Bosna) (1639–1697;
1833–1839/40;
[ Ahmed Aličić ''Uređenje bosanskog ejaleta od 1789. do 1878.'', Orijentalni Institut u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 1983, p 35.][Šabanović, H. ''Bosanski pašaluk'', ND BiH, Sarajevo, 1959.] 1851–1878)
Governors
*
Sarı Süleyman Pasha
*
Osman Gradaščević
*
Abaza Mehmed Pasha
Abaza Mehmed Pasha ( tr, Abaza Mehmed Paşa, ab, Меҳмеҭ Росҭом-иԥа Лакырба, ма Кыржәаа); 1576 – August 23, 1634) was a statesman and military commander of the Ottoman Empire, the namesake of the Abaza rebellion. ...
*
Hasan Predojević
Hasan Predojević ( 1530 – 22 June 1593), also known as Telli Hasan Pasha ( tr, Telli Hasan Paşa), was the fifth Ottoman beylerbey ( vali) of Bosnia and a notable Ottoman Bosnian military commander, who led an invasion of the Habsburg Kingdo ...
*
Husein Gradaščević
*
Husein Boljanić
*
Ali-paša Rizvanbegović
*
Mehmed-beg Kulenović
*
Bekir Pasha (1800–01)
See also
*
List of Ottoman governors of Bosnia
*
Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina
*
Pashaluk of Herzegovina
The Eyalet of Herzegovina ( ota, ایالت هرسك; Eyālet-i Hersek, sh, Hercegovački pašaluk) was an administrative division (''eyalet'') of the Ottoman Empire from 1833 to 1851. Its last capital was Mostar.
History
In 1831, Bosnian kapu ...
*
Sanjak of Novi Pazar
The Sanjak of Novi Pazar ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Novopazarski sandžak, Новопазарски санџак; tr, Yeni Pazar sancağı) was an Ottoman sanjak (second-level administrative unit) that was created in 1865. It was reorganized in 1880 and ...
References
Sources
*
{{Authority control
Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
*
*
Ottoman Serbia
Ottoman period in the history of Montenegro
Ottoman period in the Balkans
1580 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1867 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
Eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
Eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
Eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
Eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
States and territories established in 1580
States and territories disestablished in 1867
1580 establishments in Europe
1867 disestablishments in Europe
Former subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period