Bone Regency is a

regency A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state ''pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, ...

South Sulawesi South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sulaw ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. In ...

. Originally the seat of the Bone state, it joined Indonesia in 1950. The regency covers an area of 4,559.00 km² and had a population of 717,682 at the 2010 Census, 742,527 at the 2015 Intermediate Census and 801,775 at the2020 Census. Its main products are seaweed, rice, and fish. The principal town is Watampone, which comprises the three districts of Tanete Riattang Barat, Tanete Riattang and Tanete Riattang Timur within the regency.

Geography

Bone is located on the east coast of South Sulawesi. It has of coastline and covers an area of . It has a total of of rice fields. Bone is surrounded by Wajo to the north, Sinjai to the south, Soppeng, Maros, Pangkkajene, and Barru to the west, and the Gulf of Bone to the east, where it has a sea border with Sulawesi Tenggara. The climate of Bone is

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

, with the wet season from April to September and the dry season from October to March. The temperature ranges from , with air humidity averaging 95% - 99%. The average annual rainfall varies from less than to .

Demographics

According to a 2010 census, Bone Regency had 717,268 residents, consisting 341,335 males and 375,933 females. This gave a

sex ratio The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species devia ...

of 90.80 for the regency, or 91 males for every 100 females. It displayed a

population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 t ...

of 0.67% per annum for the 2000-2010 period. At the 2010 census, Bone Regency had 801,775 residents, consisting 391,682 males and 410,093 females. The majority of residents of Bone Regency are Muslim, with numerous mosques and places for studying Islam. There are also some churches in Watampone.

Administrative districts

Bone Regency in 2020 (as in 2010) comprised 27 administrative

Districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

(''Kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (rural ''desa'' and urban ''kelurahan'') within each district, and it postal code(s). Notes: (a) except the villages of Biru (post code 92714), Cenrana (post code 92754) and Palakka (post code 92761). (b) except the village of Kading (post code 90225).

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bone consists of a blue shield with a harrow, anchor, unsheathed

kris The kris, or ''keris'' in the Indonesian language, is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (''pamor''). Of Javanese origin, the kris is famous for its dist ...

, rice, cotton plant, and - at the bottom of the shield - the words ''Kabupaten Bone'' in red text on a white banner. The harrow and rice stand for the agricultural history of the area. The anchor signifies Bone's nautical prowess, while its symmetry and location in the middle of the shield represents rationality. The kris and red text signify bravery, while the cotton plant represents the Bone people's struggle for independence. The white banner stands for purity and holiness.

History

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Paleis van de vorstin van Bone op Celebes TMnr 60015648

Bone Regency was home to Bone state, an ''

adat Alesis Digital Audio Tape (ADAT) is a magnetic tape format used for the recording of eight digital audio tracks onto the same S-VHS tape used by consumer VCRs. Although it is a tape-based format, the term ''ADAT'' now refers to its success ...

''-based

Bugis The Bugis people (pronounced ), also known as Buginese, are an ethnicity—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassar and Toraja), in the south-western province of Sulawesi, ...

kingdom which was founded by ManurungngE Rimatajang in 1330. It later entered an alliance with the Wajo and

Soppeng kingdom Soppeng Regency is a landlocked regency in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia. Soppeng Regency has its seat of government (capital) in the town of Watansoppeng, located 180 km from Makassar. The regency covers an area of 1,557 km2, and ...

s for mutual defence. This alliance became known as ''LaMumpatue Ri Timurung''. In 1605, during the reign of the tenth king of Bone Latenri Tuppu Matinro Ri Sidenreng, Islam entered Bone and caused a change in local culture, including a renaming of various aspects of the regal system. Bone State later enjoyed a period of prosperity in the middle of the 17th century. In May 1950, the people held demonstrations in Watampone against the royalty and Bone's membership in the

State of East Indonesia The State of East Indonesia ( id, Negara Indonesia Timur, old spelling: ''Negara Indonesia Timoer'', nl, Oost-Indonesië) was a post–World War II state formed in the eastern half of Dutch East Indies. Established in December 1946, it became ...

. This caused the sultan to step down and join Indonesia.

Economy

The majority of Bone residents are farmers, commercial gardeners, and fishermen. In the area near the Gulf of Boni, seaweed, crabs, shrimp, and

milkfish The milkfish (''Chanos chanos'') is the sole living species in the family Chanidae. However, there are at least five extinct genera from the Cretaceous. The repeating scientific name (tautonym) is from Greek ( ‘mouth’). The species has man ...

are the main source of income. Seaweed production averages 3,821.5 tonnes per annum, while catches of shrimp, crabs, and milkfish average 4,318 tonnes, 2,061 tonnes, and 4.964 tonnes per annum each. Catches of other fish, mainly tuna, average 73,763.5 tonnes per annum.

Transportation

Bone's sea transportation is handled by five harbours, a larger one located in East Taneteriattang named Bajoe and four smaller ones.

References

;Footnotes ;Bibliography * * * * * * {{Authority control Regencies of South Sulawesi