Beta-actin (human gene and protein abbreviation ''ACTB''/ACTB) is one of six different
actin
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells, where it may be present at a concentration of over ...
isoforms which have been identified in humans. This is one of the two nonmuscle
cytoskeletal
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is compo ...
actins. Actins are highly conserved proteins
that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.
Interactions
Beta-actin has been shown to
interact
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with
SPTBN2
Spectrin beta chain, brain 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SPTBN2'' gene.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene is associated with Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5.
Interactions
SPTBN2 has been shown to interact with:
* ...
.
In addition,
RNA-binding protein
RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes.
RBPs contain various structural motifs, such as RNA recognition motif ( ...
Sam68 was found to interact with the mRNA encoding β-actin, which regulates the synaptic formation of the dendritic spines with its cytoskeletal components.
Beta-actin has been shown to activate
eNOS Enos or Enosh (Hebrew: , Standard ''Enosh'', Tiberian ''ʼĔnôš''; "mortal man”) may refer to:
People in religious scripture
* Enos (biblical figure), a genealogical figure in the Bible.
* The Book of Enos, one of the books that make up the B ...
, thereby increasing NO production. An eight-amino acid motif (326-333) in eNOS has been shown to mediate the interaction between actin and eNOS.
Clinical relevance
Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a cancer of B cells, a type of lymphocyte that is responsible for producing antibody, antibodies. It is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults, with an annual Incidence (epidemiology), in ...
.
Applications
Beta actin is often used in
Western blotting
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot), or western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. Besides detecti ...
as a
loading control, to normalize total protein amounts and check for eventual protein degradation in the samples. Its transcript is also commonly used as a housekeeping gene standard in
qPCR
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, or qPCR) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR (i.e., in real ...
. Its molecular weight is approximately 42 kDa.
References
External links
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Further reading
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See also
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Actin
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells, where it may be present at a concentration of over ...
*
ACTA1
Actin, alpha skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACTA1'' gene.
Actin alpha 1 which is expressed in skeletal muscle is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins ...
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