The Battle of Zboriv ( pl, Bitwa pod Zborowem, uk, Зборівська битва), during the

Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising,; in Ukraine known as Khmelʹnychchyna or uk, повстання Богдана Хмельницького; lt, Chmelnickio sukilimas; Belarusian: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніцкага; russian: � ...

, was fought near the vicinity of Zborów (village of Mlynivtsi,

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

) on the Strypa River, and near the

Siege of Zbarazh The siege of Zbarazh ( pl, Zbaraż, uk, Збараж) was a 1649 battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forces held their positions besieged in the Zbarazh Castle until in the aftermath of Battle of Zboriv an ...

. The battle was fought between the combined

Cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

- Crimean force and the

Crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, partic ...

army of the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

. King

John II Casimir Vasa John II Casimir ( pl, Jan II Kazimierz Waza; lt, Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 as well as titular King of Sweden from 1648 ...

and the main Polish army left

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

on 23 June and had made it to Toporiv in the final days of July when Mikolaj Skrzetuski (called

Jan Skrzetuski Jan Skrzetuski is a fictional character created by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz in the novel '' With Fire and Sword''. He is a man of honour, always faithful to his master, duke Jeremi Wiśniowiecki. He loves Helena Kurcewiczówna, who was ...

Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish writer, novelist, journalist and Nobel Prize laureate. He is best remembered for his historical novels, espe ...

's ''With fire and Sword'') informed the king of the desperate situation at Zbarazh.Hrushevsky, M., 2002, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Eight, The Cossack Age, 1626-1650, Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, The king made it to within a half-mile of Zboriv on 13 August.

Battle

On August 9, 1649,

Bohdan Khmelnytsky Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi ( Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern ua, Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький; 6 August 1657) was a Ukrainian military commander and ...

had redeployed his main forces from Zbarazh to Staryi Zbarazh to the west, where the terrain hid them from the Poles, and he used deception to prevent the besieged from noticing. The Horde, followed by the

Cossack Host A Cossack host ( uk, козацьке військо, translit=kozatske viisko; russian: каза́чье во́йско, ''kazachye voysko''), sometimes translated as Cossack army, was an administrative subdivision of Cossacks in the Russian Em ...

, advanced toward the royal camp during the night of 15 August. The Crown forces were surprised during the rainy and foggy day while they crossed the Strypa River. The Horde split into two parts and attacked from the front and the back, but the king rallied his army to repel the attack and the Tatars retreated by nightfall. The night brought a council of war on the Polish side and two letters from the king, one for the Khan and one for Khmelnytsky. The letter to the khan "reminded the khan of the favor that he had enjoyed from the Poles in his youth, while sojourning as a captive... invited the khan to a renewal of their old friendship... receiving money for past, present, and future years." The letter to Khmelnytsky commanded him to "abandon all hostile actions and retreat ten miles from our army, and send us your envoys - what you desire from us and from the Commonwealth." The next day brought more attacks from the Cossacks and the Tatars on two fronts, but then, a letter from the khan and Khmelnytsky arrived. The khan was prepared to negotiate if there was "satisfaction of the Cossacks, payment of the suspended tribute... a substantial consideration... above the tribute, as well as permission for the Horde to take captives on its way back."

Aftermath

On 18 August, the Treaty of Zboriv (Zborów) was agreed upon by Khmelnytsky and Lord Commissioners Jerzy Ossolinski, Lord Crown Chancellor,

Kazimierz Lew Sapieha Kazimierz Leon Sapieha ( lt, Kazimieras Leonas Sapiega) (1609–1656) was a nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Royal Secretary and Grand Writer of Lithuania from 1631, Court Marshal of Lith ...

, Lord Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Krzysztof Koniecpolski, Lord Palatine of Belz, Stanislaw Witowski, Lord of Sandomierz, and Adam Kysil, Lord Palatine of Kyiv. "It was drafted not in the form of a treaty... but as a unilateral royal manifesto... at the request and intervention of the Crimean khan."

References

External links

Battle of Zboriv

Encyclopedia of Ukraine The ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'' ( uk, Енциклопедія українознавства, translit=Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies. Development The work was creat ...

. {{Authority control Zboriv 1649

Zboriv Zboriv ( uk, Зборів, pl, Zborów, yi, זבאָרעוו, Zbarav, russian: Зборов) is a town in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast, west Ukraine. It is located in the historical region of Galicia. Local government is administered by Zb ...

1649 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth History of Ternopil Oblast Zboriv