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The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (; commonly abbreviated as BSP in both Filipino and English) is the
central bank A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central ba ...
of the Philippines. It was established on July 3, 1993, pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993 as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New Central Bank Act of 2019.


History


American era and World War II

In 1900, the
First Philippine Commission The Schurman Commission, also known as the First Philippine Commission, was established by United States President William McKinley on January 20, 1899, and tasked to study the situation in the Philippines and make recommendations on how the U.S. ...
passed Act No. 52, which placed all banks under the Bureau of the Treasury and authorizing the Insular Treasurer to supervise and examine banks and all banking activity. In 1929, the Department of Finance, through the Bureau of Banking, took over bank supervision. By 1933, a group of Filipinos had conceptualized a central bank for the Philippine Islands. It came up with the rudiments of a bill for the establishment of a central bank after a careful study of the economic provisions of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act, which would grant Philippine independence after 12 years, but reserving military and naval bases for the United States and imposing tariffs and quotas on Philippine exports. However, the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act would be rejected by the Senate of the Philippines at the urging of Commonwealth President
Manuel L. Quezon Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina, (; 19 August 1878 – 1 August 1944), also known by his initials MLQ, was a Filipino lawyer, statesman, soldier and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 until his de ...
. This Senate then advocated a new bill that won United States President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As th ...
's support, this would be the Tydings–McDuffie Act, which would grant Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. Under the
Commonwealth A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
, discussions continued regarding the idea of a Philippine central bank that would promote price stability and economic growth. The country's monetary system then was administered by the Department of Finance and the National Treasury, and the
Philippine piso The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Tagalog name ''piso'' (Philippine English: , , plural pesos; tl, piso ; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 ''sentimo'', also called c ...
was on the exchange standard using the United States dollar, which was backed by 100 percent
gold reserve A gold reserve is the gold held by a national central bank, intended mainly as a guarantee to redeem promises to pay depositors, note holders (e.g. paper money), or trading peers, during the eras of the gold standard, and also as a store of v ...
, as the standard currency. As required by the Tydings–McDuffie Act, the National Assembly of the Philippines in 1939 passed a law establishing a central bank. As it was a monetary law, it required the approval of the President of the United States;
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As th ...
did not give his. A second law was passed in 1944 under the Japanese-controlled Second Republic during the Second World War, but the 1945 arrival of American liberation forces, aided by Philippine Commonwealth troops and recognised guerrillas, aborted its implementation.


Third Republic and martial law

Shortly after
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
Manuel Roxas assumed office in 1946, he instructed then-Finance Secretary Miguel Cuaderno, Sr. to draw up a charter for a central bank. The establishment of a monetary authority became imperative a year later as a result of the findings of the Joint Philippine-American Finance Commission chaired by Cuaderno. The commission, which studied Philippine financial, monetary, and fiscal problems in 1947, recommended a shift from the dollar exchange standard to a managed currency system. A central bank was needed to implement this proposed shift. Roxas then created the Central Bank Council to prepare the charter of a proposed monetary authority. It was submitted to
Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...
in February 1948. The Central Bank Act authored by then Congressman José J. Roy was signed into law in June of the same year by the newly proclaimed President Elpidio Quirino, who succeeded the late President Roxas, affixing his signature on
Republic Act This article contains a partial list of Philippine laws. Sources of Philippine laws ;Notes : *Customs may be considered as supplementary source of law, however, customs which are contrary to law, public order or public policy shall not be ...
(RA) No. 265 or the Central Bank Act of 1948. On January 3, 1949, the Central Bank of the Philippines was formally inaugurated with Cuaderno as the first governor. The main duties and responsibilities of the Central Bank were to promote economic development and maintain internal and external monetary stability. Over the years, changes were introduced to make the charter more responsive to the needs of the economy. On November 29, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos' Presidential Decree No. 72 amended Republic Act No. 265, emphasizing the maintenance of domestic and international monetary stability as the primary objective of the Central Bank. The Bank's authority was also expanded to include regulation of the nation's entire financial system just supervision of the banking system. In 1981, RA 265, as amended, was further improved to strengthen the financial system, among the changes was the increase in the capitalization of the Central Bank from 10 million to ₱10 billion. In 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte signed R.A. 11211, further increasing the Bank's capitalization to ₱200 billion. In the 1973 Constitution, the interim ''
Batasang Pambansa The Batasang Pambansa Complex, or simply the Batasan (), is the seat of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It is located along the Batasan Road in Batasan Hills, Quezon City. The complex was initially the home of the Batasang ...
'' (National Assembly) was mandated to establish an independent central monetary authority. Presidential Decree No. 1801 designated the Central Bank of the Philippines as the central monetary authority (CMA). According to a confidential October 19, 1984 Monetary Board report, the Central bank overstated the country's dollar reserves at $600 million. Following the
overthrow Overthrow may refer to: * Overthrow, a change in government, often achieved by force or through a coup d'état. **The 5th October Overthrow, or Bulldozer Revolution, the events of 2000 that led to the downfall of Slobodan Milošević in the forme ...
of President Marcos, the
1987 Constitution The Constitution of the Philippines ( Filipino: ''Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas'' or ''Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas'', Spanish: ''Constitución de la República de Filipinas'') is the constitution or the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippin ...
adopted the CMA provisions from the 1973 Constitution that were aimed at establishing an independent monetary authority through increased capitalization and greater private sector representation in the Monetary Board.


Present

In accordance with a provision in the 1987 Constitution, President Fidel V. Ramos signed
Republic Act This article contains a partial list of Philippine laws. Sources of Philippine laws ;Notes : *Customs may be considered as supplementary source of law, however, customs which are contrary to law, public order or public policy shall not be ...
No. 7653, otherwise known as the ''New Central Bank Act'', into law on June 14, 1993. The law provides for the establishment of an independent monetary authority to be known as the “''Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas''”, its primary objective being the maintenance of price stability. This objective was only implied in the old Central Bank charter. The law also gives the ''Bangko Sentral'' fiscal and administrative autonomy which the old Central Bank did not have. On July 3, 1993, the New Central Bank Act took effect. On the evening of September 26, 2012, a Wednesday, the BSP website was hacked by a group named ''Anonymous Philippine''s in a protest against the recently passed
Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, officially recorded as Republic Act No. 10175, is a law in the Philippines that was approved on September 12, 2012. It aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet in the Ph ...
. The website was promptly restored in the early hours of the following day. On April 23, 2013, The Asian Banker named the BSP as the Best Macroeconomic Regulator in the Asia-Pacific Region for 2013 in ''The Asian Banker Leadership Achievement Awards'' in Jakarta, Indonesia. The BSP was cited as a “good, strong, and fair-minded regulator.” About a month later, the BSP was given the country award by the Child and Youth Finance International in its 2013 International Summit in Istanbul, Turkey, in recognition of its initiative to integrate financial literacy education into the Philippine elementary school curriculum. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas is adapting its structure to modern technical requirements. in 2020 was launched BOB (BSP Online Buddy) chatbot system b
Proto
which democratize consumer protection and amplify the voice of consumers according to
AFI AFI may refer to: * ''Address-family identifier'', a 16 bit field of the Routing Information Protocol * Ashton Fletcher Irwin, an Australian drummer * AFI (band), an American rock band ** ''AFI'' (2004 album), a retrospective album by AFI rele ...
.


Roles and responsibilities

As prescribed by the ''New Central Bank Act'', the main functions of the Bangko Sentral are: # Liquidity management, by formulating and implementing monetary policy aimed at influencing money supply, consistent with its primary objective to maintain price stability, # Currency issue. The BSP has the exclusive power to issue the national currency. All notes and coins issued by the BSP are fully guaranteed by the Government and are considered legal tender for all private and public debts, # Lender of last resort, by extending discounts, loans and advances to banking institutions for liquidity purposes, # Financial supervision, by supervising banks and exercising regulatory powers over non-bank institutions performing quasi-banking functions, # Management of foreign currency reserves, by maintaining sufficient international reserves to meet any foreseeable net demands for foreign currencies in order to preserve the international stability and convertibility of the Philippine peso, # Determination of
exchange rate policy An exchange rate regime is a way a monetary authority of a country or currency union manages the currency about other currencies and the foreign exchange market. It is closely related to monetary policy and the two are generally dependent on many ...
, by determining the exchange rate policy of the Philippines. Currently, the BSP adheres to a market-oriented foreign exchange rate policy, and # Being the banker, financial advisor and official depository of the Government, its political subdivisions and instrumentalities and GOCCs.


Organization

The basic structure of the Bangko Sentral includes: * The Monetary Board, which exercises the powers and functions of the BSP, such as the conduct of monetary policy and supervision of the financial system; * The Monetary Stability Sector, which takes charge of the formulation and implementation of the BSP's monetary policy, including serving the banking needs of all banks through accepting deposits, servicing withdrawals and extending credit through the rediscounting facility; * The Supervision and Examination Sector, which enforces and monitors compliance to banking laws to promote a sound and healthy banking system; and * The Resource Management Sector, which serves the human, financial and physical resource needs of the BSP. The powers and function of Bangko Sentral are exercised by its Monetary Board, whose seven members are appointed by the President of the Philippines. As provided for by RA 7653 or the New Central Bank Act, one of the government sector members of the Monetary Board must also be a member of
Cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filin ...
. Members of the Monetary Board are prohibited from holding certain positions in other government agencies and private institutions that may give rise to conflicts of interest. The members have fixed and overlapping terms, except for the Cabinet Secretary representing the incumbent administration. The current members of the Monetary Board are: *
Felipe Medalla Felipe Manguiat Medalla is a Filipino economist currently serving as the Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, central monetary authority of the Philippines, and the ''ex officio'' chairman of the Anti-Money Laundering Council, the cent ...
BSP Governor and Chairman of the Monetary Board ** Francisco G. Dakila, Jr. – Deputy Governor for Monetary and Economic Sector ** Eduardo G. Bobier – Deputy Governor for Corporate Services Sector ** Chuchi Fonacier – Deputy Governor for Financial Supervision Sector ** Mamerto Tangonan – Deputy Governor for Payment and Currency Management Sector ** Bernadette Romulo-Puyat – Deputy Governor for Program Management Sector *
Benjamin Diokno Benjamin Estoista Diokno (born March 31, 1948) is a Filipino economist currently serving as the 32nd Secretary of Finance under the administration of President Ferdinand "Bong Bong" Marcos Jr. since June 30, 2022. He previously served as Se ...
, Secretary of the Department of Finance * Antonio S. Abacan, Jr. * V. Bruce J. Tolentino * Peter B. Favila * Anita Linda Aquino


Convertible currencies

The Bangko Sentral has 32 currencies directly convertible with the
Philippine peso The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Tagalog name ''piso'' (Philippine English: , , plural pesos; tl, piso ; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 ''sentimo'', also called cen ...
, which serves as a benchmark for all Philippine banks. Convertible currencies with Bangko Sentral: *
Australian dollar The Australian dollar (sign: $; code: AUD) is the currency of Australia, including its external territories: Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island. It is officially used as currency by three independent Pacific Island ...
(AUD) * Bahraini dinar (BHD) *
British pound Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and t ...
(GBP) *
Brunei dollar The Brunei dollar (sign: B$, Malay: ''ringgit Brunei'', currency code: ''BND''), has been the currency of the Sultanate of Brunei since 1967. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from oth ...
(BND) *
Canadian dollar The Canadian dollar (symbol: $; code: CAD; french: dollar canadien) is the currency of Canada. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, there is no standard disambiguating form, but the abbreviation Can$ is often suggested by notable style g ...
(CAD) *
Chinese yuan The renminbi (; symbol: ¥; ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China and one of the world's most traded currencies, ranking as the fifth most traded currency in the world as of April 2022 ...
(CNY) * Euro (EUR) * Hong Kong dollar (HKD) * Indonesian rupiah (IDR) * Japanese yen (JPY) *
South Korean won The Korean Republic won, unofficially the South Korean won (Symbol: ₩; Code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원) is the official currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon, the monetary subunit. The jeon is no longer used for ...
(KRW) * Kuwaiti dinar (KWD) *
Saudi riyal The Saudi riyal ( ar, ريال سعودي ') is the currency of Saudi Arabia. It is abbreviated as or SAR ''(Saudi Arabian Riyal)''. It is subdivided into 100 halalas ( ar, هللة '). The currency is pegged to the US dollar at a constant rate ...
(SAR) * Singapore dollar (SGD) *
Swiss franc The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the fe ...
(CHF) *
Thai baht The baht (; th, บาท, ; sign: ฿; code: THB) is the official currency of Thailand. It is divided into 100 ''satang'' (, ). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand. SWIFT ranked the Thai baht as the 10th-most ...
(THB) *
United Arab Emirates dirham The dirham (; ar, درهم إماراتي, abbreviation: د.إ in Arabic, Dh (singular) and Dhs (plural) or DH in Latin; ISO code: AED) is the official currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dirham is subdivided into 100 . History The n ...
(AED) * United States dollar (USD) Others (Not Convertible With BSP): * Argentina Peso (ARS) * Brazil Real (BRL) * Denmark Kroner (DKK) * India Rupee (INR) * Malaysia Ringgit (MYR) * Mexico New Peso (MXN) * New Zealand Dollar (NZD) * Norway Kroner (NOK) * Pakistan Rupee (PKR) * South Africa Rand (ZAR) * Sweden Kroner (SEK) * Syria Pound (SYP) * Taiwan NT Dollar (TWD) * Venezuela Bolivar (VEB)


Microfinance and financial inclusion

In 2000, the General Banking Law mandated the BSP to recognize microfinance as a legitimate banking activity and to set the rules and regulations for its practice within the banking sector. In the same year, the BSP declared microfinance as its flagship program for poverty alleviation. The BSP has become the prime advocate for the development of microfinance. To this end, the Bangko Sentral aims to: # Provide the enabling policy and regulatory environment; # Increase the capacity of the BSP and banking sector on microfinance operations; and # Promote and advocate for the development of sound and sustainable microfinance operations. The Bank is active in promoting a
financial inclusion Financial inclusion is defined as the availability and equality of opportunities to access financial services. It refers to a process by which individuals and businesses can access appropriate, affordable, and timely financial products and service ...
policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. It is also one of the original 17 regulatory institutions to make specific national commitments to financial inclusion under the Maya Declaration during the 2011
Global Policy Forum The Global Policy Forum (GPF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in December 1993 and based in New York and Bonn (Global Policy Forum Europe). � The aim of the Global Policy Forum is to critically accompany and analyze develo ...
held in Mexico.


Anti-money laundering

With money laundering being one of the problems of the Philippines, the BSP has issued a number of measures to bring the Philippines' regulatory regime on money laundering closer to international standards. In September 2001, the ''Anti-Money Laundering Act'', or AMLA, was made into law. The AMLA defined money laundering a criminal offense, and prescribed corresponding penalties. It also provided the foundation for a central monitoring and implementing council called the '' Anti-Money Laundering Council'' (AMLC). The AMLC is composed of the Governor of the Bangko Sentral as chair, and the Commissioner of the Insurance Commission and the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission as members, all acting unanimously in the discharge of the group's mandate. In February 2013, Philippine President
Benigno Aquino III Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III (; February 8, 1960 – June 24, 2021), also known as Noynoy Aquino and Colloquialism, colloquially as PNoy, was a Filipino politician who served as the List of presidents of the Philippines, 15th presid ...
signed "R.A. No. 10365" known as ''An act further strengthening the Anti-Money Laundering Law'', which aims to strengthen the AMLC by requiring that any suspicious transaction in foreign exchange, real estate, and jewelry and precious metal trading be reported.


Governors


Logo

The current logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas was adopted in January 2021 with the design receiving endorsement by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. The circular symbol features a full-bodied gold-colored Philippine eagle based on actual photographs of the bird and three stars. The old logo introduced in 2010 which is still currently used in coinage and banknotes in circulation and on its headquarters features a blue and white logo and a more stylized rendition of the eagle.


Museum

Within the main Manila complex of the BSP is the ''Museo ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas'' (English: Museum of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas). Inaugurated on January 3, 1999, as part of the golden jubilee of central banking in the country, the ''Museo'' showcases the BSP's collection of currencies. As repository and custodian of the country's
numismatic Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects. Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also inclu ...
heritage, the ''Museo'' collects, studies and preserves coins, paper notes, medals, artifacts and monetary items found in the Philippines during its different historical periods. These collections have been placed on permanent display at the ''Museo''. Designed to "walk" the visitor through a number of galleries dedicated to a specific historical period of the country, the ''Museo'' visually narrates the development of the Philippine economy, parallel to the evolution of its currency. Complementary paintings from the BSP's art collection, together with chosen artifacts, enhance each gallery. A panoramic memorabilia of central banking in the Philippines, it showcases the strides made in bringing about price stability to sustain economic growth in the country. The exhibition hall also features portrait busts of previous governors.


Security Plant Complex

The Security Plant Complex, or SPC, was formally established on September 7, 1978, to safeguard the printing, minting, refining, issuance, distribution and durability of coins,
banknote A banknote—also called a bill ( North American English), paper money, or simply a note—is a type of negotiable promissory note, made by a bank or other licensed authority, payable to the bearer on demand. Banknotes were originally issue ...
s,
gold bar A gold bar, also called gold bullion or gold ingot, is a quantity of refined metallic gold of any shape that is made by a bar producer meeting standard conditions of manufacture, labeling, and record keeping. Larger gold bars that are produced ...
s, government official receipts,
lottery A lottery is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers at random for a prize. Some governments outlaw lotteries, while others endorse it to the extent of organizing a national or state lottery. It is common to find some degree of ...
tickets, internal
revenue stamp A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration ...
s, passports, seaman identification record books, strip
stamps Stamp or Stamps or Stamping may refer to: Official documents and related impressions * Postage stamp, used to indicate prepayment of fees for public mail * Ration stamp, indicating the right to rationed goods * Revenue stamp, used on documents to ...
, official documents, registration certificates,
Torrens title Torrens title is a land registration and land transfer system, in which a state creates and maintains a register of land holdings, which serves as the conclusive evidence (termed " indefeasibility") of title of the person recorded on the regis ...
s, treasury warrants, stocks and bonds, government contracts, ration coupons, official ballots, election return forms,
check Check or cheque, may refer to: Places * Check, Virginia Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Check'' (film), a 2021 Indian Telugu-language film * '' The Checks'' (episode), a 1996 TV episode of ''Seinfeld'' Games and sports * Check (chess), a t ...
s and other
security printing Security printing is the field of the printing industry that deals with the printing of items such as banknotes, cheques, passports, tamper-evident labels, security tapes, product authentication, stock certificates, postage stamps and identity ca ...
or minting jobs of the Philippine government. Printing of official ballots and other public documents was later transferred to the National Printing Office pursuant to Executive Order No. 285 issued on July 25, 1987. On August 4, 2003, President
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo (, born April 5, 1947), often referred to by her initials GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician serving as one of the House Deputy Speakers since 2022, and previously from 2016 to 2017. She previously ...
issued "Administrative Order No. 79", which designated the SPC as the sole producer of insignia of national orders, decorations, and medals. The BSP will relocate its security plant complex from
East Avenue, Quezon City East Avenue is a major street located within the Diliman area of Quezon City, Philippines. It runs north–south through the eastern edge of Triangle Park. The street is located in Quezon City's government area, known for different national and ...
to the National Government Administrative Center district of
New Clark City New Clark City is a planned community currently undergoing development, located within the Clark Special Economic Zone in the towns of Bamban and Capas in Tarlac province, Philippines. It has an area of approximately and will accommodate up t ...
in
Capas, Tarlac Capas, officially the Municipality of Capas ( pam, Balen ning Capas; tgl, Bayan ng Capas), is a 1st class Philippine municipality, municipality in the Philippine province, province of Tarlac, Philippines, and one of the richest towns in the p ...
after it signed a memorandum of agreement with the
Bases Conversion and Development Authority The Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA; fil, Pangasiwaan sa Pangkaunlarang Kumbersiyon ng mga Base) is a government-owned and controlled corporation under the Office of the President of the Philippines. It is a governme ...
in September 2019. The new currency production facility will be located on a 29-hectare plot near the access road connecting
New Clark City New Clark City is a planned community currently undergoing development, located within the Clark Special Economic Zone in the towns of Bamban and Capas in Tarlac province, Philippines. It has an area of approximately and will accommodate up t ...
in Pampanga to the Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway and it is expected to be completed within two years. File:Philippine land title.jpg, A Philippine Torrens title, dated to December 1961 File:Philippine Passport Biometric 2014.jpg, Current version of the
Philippine passport A Philippine passport is both a travel document and a primary national identity document issued to citizens of the Philippines. It is issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and Philippine diplomatic missions abroad, with certain ex ...
, equipped with
biometric Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics. Biometric authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. It is also used to identify i ...
technology.


References


Sources


About the ''Bangko Sentral''
BSP 100


Publications

*


External links

*
Bsp exchange rate
{{authority control Department of Finance (Philippines) Economy of the Philippines Philippines Banks established in 1949 Banks of the Philippines Government-owned and controlled corporations of the Philippines Philippine companies established in 1949