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Baarin ( Mongolian ',
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of v ...
巴林 ''Bālín'') is a dialect of Mongolian spoken mainly in Inner Mongolia.


Location and classification

Baarin is spoken in the
Baarin Right Banner Bairin Right Banner ( Mongolian: ''Baɣarin Baraɣun qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Chifeng Chifeng ( zh, s=赤峰市), also known as Ulanhad ( mn, (Улаанхад хот), ' ...
,
Baarin Left Banner Baarin Left Banner ( Mongolian: ''Baɣarin Jegün qosiɣu''; ), or Bairin, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chifeng. The banner spans an area of 6,644 square kilometers, a ...
, Ar Khorchin Banner and
Ongniud Banner Ongniud Banner ( Mongolian: ''Oŋniɣud qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng Chifeng ( zh, s=赤峰市), also known as Ulanhad ( mn, (Улаанхад х� ...
of Ulanhad and in the Jirin Banner of Tongliao in Inner Mongolia. It has been grouped together with
Khorchin The Khorchin ( mn, Хорчин, ''Horçin''; ''Qorčin''; ) are a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in northeastern Inner Mongolia of China. History The Ming dynasty gave Borjigi ...
and
Kharchin The Kharchin (, ; ), or Kharachin, is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. There are Khalkha-Kharchin Mongols in Dorno-Gobi Province (Kharchin Örtöö was part of the ...
or as an intermediate variant between these two on the one hand and Chakhar,
Khalkha The Khalkha ( Mongolian: mn, Халх, Halh, , zh, 喀爾喀) have been the largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin k ...
and Ordos on the other hand. On the other hand, it is part of
Southern Mongolian Southern Mongolian or Inner Mongolian ( ') is a proposed major dialect group within the taxonomy of the Mongolian language. Overview It is assumed by most Inner Mongolia linguists and would be on the same level as the other three major dialect gr ...
as far as its Standard language is concerned and has therefore been grouped into such a variety as well.


Phonology

Baarin has the short vowel
phoneme In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language. For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-west ...
s and the corresponding long vowels. The consonant phonemes are . That is, as in Khalkha and Khorchin, the basic phonation contrast in
plosive In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases. The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade (, ), tongue body (, ), lip ...
s and
affricate An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair ...
s is based on aspiration, not on voicedness. This even includes . In contrast to Khalkha and akin to Khorchin, palatalized consonants have already lost their phoneme status and conveyed it to the new vowel phonemes .


Morphology

The
accusative The accusative case ( abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: 'me,' 'him,' 'her,' 'us,' and ‘th ...
takes the form , e.g. 'language-Acc'. The genitive, on the other hand, tends to contain one , but it is still based on . Due to this, homophony with the accusative can occur in a few cases, e.g. ''ternə'' (accusative and genitive of the distal demonstrative), but not ''əni'' (proximal accusative) vs. ''ənni'' (proximal genitive). There is no
allative In grammar, the allative case (; abbreviated ; from Latin ''allāt-'', ''afferre'' "to bring to") is a type of locative grammatical case. The term allative is generally used for the lative case in the majority of languages that do not make finer ...
and no cognate of the old
sociative case In grammar, the sociative case is a grammatical case in the Hungarian, Tamil, and Malayalam languages that can express the person in whose company (cf. Latin ) an action is carried out, or to any belongings of people which take part in an action ...
, but an additional
case Case or CASE may refer to: Containers * Case (goods), a package of related merchandise * Cartridge case or casing, a firearm cartridge component * Bookcase, a piece of furniture used to store books * Briefcase or attaché case, a narrow box to ca ...
in ''-tar'' < ''dotura'' 'inside' with fairly narrow meaning has been assumed.Bayarmendü 1997: 94-95


References


Bibliography

* Bayarmendü, Borǰigin (1997): ''Baγarin aman ayalγun-u sudulul. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a. * Janhunen, Juha (2003): Mongol dialects. In: Juha Janhunen (ed.): ''The Mongolic languages''. London: Routledge: 177–191. * Luvsanvandan, Š. (1959): Mongol hel ajalguuny učir. In: ''Mongolyn sudlal 1''. * Sečenbaγatur et al. (2005): ''Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal''. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a. * Svantesson, Jan-Olof, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivan Franzén (2005): ''The Phonology of Mongolian''. New York: Oxford University Press. {{DEFAULTSORT:Baarin Dialect Agglutinative languages Central Mongolic languages