was a after '' Kyōwa'' and before ''

Bunsei was a after '' Bunka'' and before ''Tenpō''. This period spanned the years from April 1818 through December 1830. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * April 22, 1818 (): The new era name was created to mark the enthronement of the emp ...

''. The period spanned the years from January 1804 to April 1818. The reigning emperors were and .

Change of era

* February 11, 1804 (): The new era name of ''Bunka'' ( meaning "Culture" or "Civilization") was created to mark the start of a new 60-year cycle of the Heavenly Stem and

Earthly Branch The Earthly Branches (also called the Terrestrial Branches or the 12-cycle) are a system of twelve ordered symbols used throughout East Asia. They are indigenous to China, and are themselves Chinese characters, corresponding to words with no co ...

system of the

Chinese calendar The traditional Chinese calendar, dating back to the Han dynasty, is a lunisolar calendar that blends solar, lunar, and other cycles for social and agricultural purposes. While modern China primarily uses the Gregorian calendar for officia ...

which was on New Year's Day, th
new moon day
of 2 November 1804. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in '' Kyōwa'' 4.

Events of the ''Bunka'' era

* 1804 (''Bunka 1''): '' Daigaku-no-kami'' Hayashi Jussai (1768–1841) explained the shogunate foreign policy to Emperor Kōkaku in Kyoto. * June 1805 (''Bunka 2''): Genpaku Sugita (1733–1817) is granted an audience with Shōgun Ienari to explain differences between traditional medical knowledge and Western medical knowledge. * September 25, 1810 (''Bunka 7, 27th day of the 8th month''): Earthquake in northern Honshū (Latitude: 39.900/Longitude: 139.900), 6.6 magnitude on the

Surface wave magnitude The surface wave magnitude (M_s) scale is one of the Seismic scale#Magnitude scales, magnitude scales used in seismology to describe the size of an earthquake. It is based on measurements of Rayleigh wave, Rayleigh surface waves that travel alon ...

scale.Online "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)...Click link for NOAA/Japan: Significant Earthquake Database
* December 7, 1812 (''Bunka 9, 4th day of the 11th month''): Earthquake in Honshū (Latitude: 35.400/Longitude: 139.600), 6.6 magnitude. * 1817 (''Bunka 14''): Emperor Kōkaku travelled in procession to Sento Imperial Palace, a palace of an abdicated emperor. The Sento Palace at that time was called Sakura Machi Palace. It had been built by the Tokugawa Shogunate for former-

Emperor Go-Mizunoo , posthumously honored as , was the 108th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional List of Emperors of Japan, order of succession. Go-Mizunoo's reign spanned the years from 1611 through 1629, and he was the first emperor to reign entirely d ...

.National Digital Archives of Japan
...see caption describing image of scroll

Notes

References

* Cullen, Louis M. (2003). ''A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds''. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessme ...

. ;
OCLC 50694793
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou. The pres ...

.
OCLC 48943301
* Sugita Genpaku. (1930). . Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten
OCLC 9424185

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
* National Archives of Japan
''Sakuramachiden Gyokozu'', scroll depicting Emperor Kōkaku in formal procession, 1817 (''Bunka 14'').
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bunka Japanese eras 1800s in Japan 1810s in Japan 1800s neologisms