Bruno Mankowski, (October 30, 1902 - July 31, 1990) was a German-born American sculptor, carver, ceramicist and

medalist A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually e ...

. Executing the designs of other sculptors, he carved architectural ornament for the

United States Capitol The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the Seat of government, seat of the United States Congress, the United States Congress, legislative branch of the Federal government of the United States, federal g ...

, the

United States Supreme Court Building The Supreme Court Building houses the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. The building serves as the official workplace of the Chief Justice of the United States, chief justice o ...

, and the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, in Washington, D.C. He carved

Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...

ornament for

Rockefeller Center Rockefeller Center is a complex of 19 commerce, commercial buildings covering between 48th Street (Manhattan), 48th Street and 51st Street (Manhattan), 51st Street in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The 14 original Art De ...

, and

Neo-Gothic Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half of the 19th century ...

ornament for

Riverside Church Riverside Church is an interdenominational church in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan, Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, United States. The church is associated with the American Baptist Churches USA and the Un ...

, both in New York City."Great Events of Science Are Cut in Stone," ''Lansing State Journal'', August 14, 1948. Mankowski was also a high-regarded medalist, receiving numerous commissions and awards.

Life and career

He was born in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

to Tadeusz Mankowski and Emily Kaselow. His father was an architectural sculptor, who gave him early art instruction, and under whom he later apprenticed.''Proceedings of the American Numismatic Society, Annual Meeting'', vol. 102 (ANS, 1960), p. 102. He studied under Joseph Thorak at the Municipal and State Art Schools in Berlin. Mankowski emigrated to the United States in 1928,"Bruno Mankowski," ''The National Commemorative Society Newsletter'', vol. 10, no. 6 (July 1972), p.

/ref> and studied further at the Beaux Arts Institute of Design in New York City. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1933.Mary Jean Smith Madigan, ''Steuben Glass: An American Tradition in Crystal'' (New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1982), p. 198.

Lege Atque Ordine Omnia Fiunt - Robert F

Mankowski worked as a carver for John Donnelly & Company in the 1930s, a firm that supplied architectural sculpture for a number of Washington, D.C. federal buildings. He did work on the U. S. Supreme Court Building, although no specific project has been connected to him. Alongside carvers William Kapp,

Roger Morigi Roger (Ruggiero) Morigi (4 October 1907 – 12 January 1995) was an Italian-born American stone carver and architectural sculptor. He made major contributions to Washington National Cathedral and other buildings in Washington, D.C. He was the ...

and Otto Thieleman, Mankowski executed the work of sculptor Paul Jennewein for what is now the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building.U.S. Department of Justice
''The Robert F. Kennedy Building: Celebrating Art and Architecture on the 75th Anniversary, 1934–2009'' (PDF)
/ref> This included ''The Four Elements''—''Earth'', ''Air'', ''Water'', ''Fire'' (limestone, 1933–1936), a set of larger-than-life allegorical figures for the fifth floor lobby. The four men also carved Jennewein's ''Lege Atque Ordine Omnia Fiunt''

architrave In classical architecture, an architrave (; , also called an epistyle; ) is the lintel or beam, typically made of wood or stone, that rests on the capitals of columns. The term can also apply to all sides, including the vertical members, ...

(limestone, 1935), over the building's entrance. In 1937,

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

committed to building a pavilion at the

1939 New York World's Fair The 1939 New York World's Fair (also known as the 1939–1940 New York World's Fair) was an world's fair, international exposition at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City, New York, United States. The fair included exhibitio ...

Fiorello LaGuardia Fiorello Henry La Guardia (born Fiorello Raffaele Enrico La Guardia; December 11, 1882September 20, 1947) was an American attorney and politician who represented New York in the U.S. House of Representatives and served as the 99th mayor of New Y ...

, mayor of New York City, opposed Germany's participation in the exposition, and publicly proposed that the German Pavilion should be a "House of Horrors" of

Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

atrocities.James J. Fortuna, "Fascism, National Socialism, and the 1939 World's Fair," ''Fascist and National Socialistic Antiquities and Materialities from the Interwar Era to the Present Day'', vol. 8, no. 2 (Dec 2019), pp. 179-218.

Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

, who seems to have planned a

state visit A state visit is a formal visit by the head of state, head of a sovereign state, sovereign country (or Governor-general, representative of the head of a sovereign country) to another sovereign country, at the invitation of the head of state (or ...

to tour the fair, was insulted, and likely cancelled Germany's participation himself. In reaction, LaGuardia endorsed the idea of a Freedom Pavilion, that would exhibit works by German artists and exiles opposed to the

Nazi Regime Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictat ...

.''Freedom Pavilion: Germany Yesterday - Germany Tomorrow'' (New York World's Fair booklet, 1939). The fair's Hall of Nations featured twenty identical pavilions in attached rows, ten on each side of the Court of Peace, culminating, at the head of the court, with the United States (Federal) Building. Each pavilion featured a colossal statue on its façade and a flagpole for the country's national flag. Mankowski created the colossal statue ''Shepherd''—a "semi-nude male figure carrying sheep on shoulders; two sheep at feet"—for what may have been the Freedom Pavilion.

Grover Whalen Grover Aloysius Whalen (1886–1962) was a prominent politician, businessman, and public relations guru in New York City during the 1930s and 1940s. Early years Whalen was born on July 2, 1886, in New York City, the son of an Irish immigrant fat ...

, president of the New York World's Fair Corporation, had worked hard to secure Germany's participation, and resented LaGuardia's interference. "In the end, fair officials prevented the reedompavilion from ever opening." Mankowski's statue stood on an empty building. For the

Works Progress Administration The Works Progress Administration (WPA; from 1935 to 1939, then known as the Work Projects Administration from 1939 to 1943) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to car ...

art program, Mankowski created ''The Farmer's Letter'' (1939), a plaster relief panel for the

post office A post office is a public facility and a retailer that provides mail services, such as accepting letter (message), letters and parcel (package), parcels, providing post office boxes, and selling postage stamps, packaging, and stationery. Post o ...

Chesterfield, South Carolina Chesterfield is a town in Chesterfield County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,357 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Chesterfield County, and least populous of all South Carolina county seats. History The E ...

. He served in the U.S. Army during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, 1942-1945. After the war,

Michigan State University Michigan State University (Michigan State or MSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. It was founded in 1855 as the Agricultural College of the State o ...

built a new Physics - Mathematics Building (1947-1949).Darlene Salman, "History of the Physics Department: Physics - Mathematics Building (1949)," ''Physics and Astronomy Newsletter'', vol. 6 (Fall 2004), pp. 4-
(PDF)
/ref> A

Modernist Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), subjective experience. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and soc ...

, functional building, its austerity was relieved by a bit of whimsy. Professor Thomas H. Osgood, Chair of the Physics Department, selected a number of illustrations from the History of Science, and these were incised into the limestone panels surrounding the building's entrance. Among the

vignette Vignette may refer to: * Vignette (entertainment), a sketch in a sketch comedy * Vignette (graphic design), decorative designs in books (originally in the form of leaves and vines) to separate sections or chapters * Vignette (literature), short, i ...

s: Galileo and his solar system, Isaac Newton and his experiments with gravity, Benjamin Franklin and his kite, Marconi and his

wireless telegraph Wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraphy is the transmission of text messages by radio waves, analogous to electrical telegraphy using cables. Before about 1910, the term ''wireless telegraphy'' was also used for other experimental technologies fo ...

, and

Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (14 March 187918 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence f ...

and the atom. Sculptor Carl L. Schmitz turned the illustrations into plaster models, and Mankowski carved them into the limestone. Mankowski exhibited ''Pieta'' at the 14th Ceramic National Exhibition (1949), hosted by the

Carnegie Museum of Art The Carnegie Museum of Art is an art museum in the Oakland (Pittsburgh), Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The museum was originally known as the Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute and was formerly located ...

, Pittsburgh. This highly usual piece was a larger-than-life double head-and-bust, and depicted the Madonna embracing the dead Christ. It was awarded the 1949 United Clay Mines Prize. The ceramic exhibition traveled to Dallas and Los Angeles. Mankowski won the 1949 design competition (and $1,500 prize) to create the medal commemorating the upcoming 50th anniversary of the Medallic Art Company."Bruno Mankowski," ''The Medallist'', vol. 7, no. 3 (December 1990), p. 8. Its obverse featured an Art Deco relief bust of

Minerva Minerva (; ; ) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. She is also a goddess of warfare, though with a focus on strategic warfare, rather than the violence of gods such as Mars. Be ...

, Goddess of the Fine Arts, with a

pantograph A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a Linkage (mechanical), mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a se ...

in the foreground, the device used to trace a relief for reduction. Its reverse featured the palm of a hand holding the same medal shown on the obverse. The work alluded to both the artistic inspiration and the mechanical process necessary to create a medal. Examples of the "Minerva Medal" are in the collections of the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

, the

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of charge, the museum was privately established in ...

, and other museums.

U.S. Capitol

As part of the 1949-1950 restoration of the U.S. Capitol, prominent American sculptors were commissioned to create twenty-three relief busts of historic lawmakers for the House Chamber. Mankowski carved nine of the relief busts in marble, modeled by sculptors Gaetano Cecere, Jean de Marco, and

Thomas Hudson Jones Thomas Hudson Jones (July 24, 1892 – November 4, 1969) was a U.S. sculptor for the Army's Institute of Heraldry. Biography Jones was born in Buffalo, New York. His father was an engraver and encouraged him from childhood to be a sculptor. He a ...

. The twenty-three relief busts were installed over the doors to the House Chamber.

Lee Lawrie Lee Oscar Lawrie (October 16, 1877 – January 23, 1963) was an American architectural sculptor and an important figure in the American sculpture scene preceding World War II. Over his long career of more than 300 commissions Lawrie's style ev ...

modeled three relief panels for the Senate Chamber, including ''Courage'', depicting a man battling with a serpent. Mankowski carved ''Courage'' in marble, 1950, and it was installed over the West Doorway of the Senate Chamber. Under the supervision of

Paul Manship Paul Howard Manship (December 25, 1885 – January 31, 1966) was an American Sculpture, sculptor. He consistently created mythological pieces in a classical style, and was a major force in the Art Deco in the United States, Art Deco movement. ...

, Mankowski created a replica of the ''Genius of America'' pediment for the East Portico of the U.S. Capitol.

Luigi Persico Luigi Persico (1791 Naples - 14 May 1860 Marseille) was an Italian neoclassical painter and sculptor. Biography Born in Naples, Luigi Persico studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli, then headed by the French painter Jean-Baptiste Wica ...

had designed and carved the original sculpture group in sandstone, 1825-1828. Carl L. Schmitz recreated the 130-year-old figures in plaster, restoring lost detail, including their eroded faces. These became the models from which Mankowski carved the marble replicas, 1959-1960. File:Flickr - USCapitol - Alfonso X, the "Wise" (1221-1284).jpg, ''Alphonso X "The Wise"'' (1950) by Gaetano Cecere, House Chamber File:Simon de Montfort bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber.jpg, ''Simon de Montfort'' (1950) by Gaetano Cecere, House Chamber File:Justinian I bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber.jpg, ''Justinian'' (1950) by Gaetano Cecere, House Chamber File:George Mason bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber.jpg, ''George Mason'' (1950) by Gaetano Cecere, House Chamber File:Moses bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber.jpg, ''Moses'' (1950) by Jean de Marco, House Chamber File:Flickr - USCapitol - Saint Louis (1214-1270).jpg, ''St. Louis'' (1950) by Jean de Marco, House Chamber File:Sir William Blackstone bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber.jpg, ''Sir William Blackstone'' (1950) by Thomas Hudson Jones, House Chamber File:Gregory IX bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber.jpg, ''Gregory IX'' (1950) by Thomas Hudson Jones, House Chamber File:Hammurabi bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber.jpg, ''Hammurabi'' (1950) by Thomas Hudson Jones, House Chamber

Other works

Frick Fine Arts Building - Pitt - IMG 0762

In 1950,

American Export Lines American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines, New York, was the leading US-flag shipping company between the U.S. east coast and the Mediterranean from 1919 to 1977, offering both cargo ship and passenger ship services, until it declared bankruptcy and was ...

commissioned twin

ocean liner An ocean liner is a type of passenger ship primarily used for transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships). The ...

s from

Bethlehem Steel The Bethlehem Steel Corporation was an American steelmaking company headquartered in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Until its closure in 2003, it was one of the world's largest steel-producing and shipbuilding companies. At the height of its success ...

Fore River Shipyard Fore River Shipyard was a shipyard owned by General Dynamics Corporation located on Weymouth Fore River in Braintree, Massachusetts, Braintree and Quincy, Massachusetts. It began operations in 1883 in Braintree, and moved to its final location on ...

Quincy, Massachusetts Quincy ( ) is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the largest city in the county. Quincy is part of the Greater Boston area as one of Boston's immediate southern suburbs. Its population in ...

. Completed in 1951, they were christened SS ''Constitution'' and SS ''Independence'', in honor of historic warships that had been built in Massachusetts. Mankowski was commissioned to recreate the warships'

figurehead In politics, a figurehead is a practice of who ''de jure'' (in name or by law) appears to hold an important and often supremely powerful title or office, yet '' de facto'' (in reality) exercises little to no actual power. This usually means that ...

s for the liners."Today's Artists Portray Old Sailing Ship Art on America's Newest Vessels," ''Motor Boating'', vol. 93, no. 3 (March 1954), p. 37. The original figurehead of USS ''Constitution'' (1897) had been a figure of

Hercules Hercules (, ) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Romans adapted the Gr ...

, designed and carved by John & Simeon Skillin of Boston. The original figurehead of USS ''Independence'' had a been a figure of a

Native American Native Americans or Native American usually refers to Native Americans in the United States. Related terms and peoples include: Ethnic groups * Indigenous peoples of the Americas, the pre-Columbian peoples of North, South, and Central America ...

chief, possibly

Massasoit Massasoit Sachem ( ) or Ousamequin (1661)"Native People" (page), "Massasoit (Ousamequin) Sachem" (section),''MayflowerFamilies.com'', web pag was the sachem or leader of the Wampanoag confederacy. ''Massasoit'' means ''Great Sachem''. Although ...

. Mankowski made life size models of his replica figureheads, but the plan for enlarging them and mounting them on the bows of the liners was abandoned. Instead, each model was displayed inside its liner as a work of art. Mankowski created numerous designs for the

Steuben Glass Steuben Glass is an American art glass manufacturer, founded in the summer of 1903 by Frederick Carder and Thomas G. Hawkes in Corning (city), New York, Corning, New York, which is in Steuben County, New York, Steuben County, from which the comp ...

Company, notably the etched crystal ''Buffalo Bowl'' (1954). Paul Jennewein and Mankowski reunited for a project at the

National Library of Medicine The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is an institute within the National Institutes of Health. I ...

, in

Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda () is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Located just northwest of Washington, D.C., it is a major business and government center of the Washington metropolitan region ...

. In 1961, Jennewein was commissioned to create a group portrait of the library's late founders: Dr. John Shaw Billings, Dr. Robert Fletcher and Dr. Fielding Garrison. His solution was essentially a larger-than-life drawing of the trio, its lines inscribed into the gray marble of library's lobby, then gold leafed. "The portrait busts of Billings, Fletcher, and Garrison, designed by Mr. C. Paul Jennewein, have been chiseled into the marble of the north wall of the lobby by Mr. Bruno Mankowski, an expert carver and an artist in his own right."

Malvina Hoffman Malvina Cornell Hoffman (June 15, 1885July 10, 1966) was an American sculpture, sculptor and author, well known for her life-size bronze sculptures of people. She also worked in plaster and marble. Hoffman created portrait busts of working-class ...

modeled, and Mankowski carved in limestone, a roundel relief bust of

Henry Clay Frick Henry Clay Frick (December 19, 1849 – December 2, 1919) was an American industrialist, financier, and art patron. He founded the H. C. Frick & Company coke manufacturing company, was chairman of the Carnegie Steel Company and played a major ...

(1964 or 1965), for the façade of the Frick Fine Arts Building at the

University of Pittsburgh The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is composed of seventeen undergraduate and graduate schools and colle ...

Exhibitions, honors and awards

Mankowski exhibited at the

National Academy of Design The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Frederick Styles Agate, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, an ...

's annual exhibitions, 1940-1943, 1947-1950, 1956-1963. He exhibited semi-regularly at the

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum ...

's annual exhibitions, from 1934 to 1954.Falk, Peter Hastings, ed., ''The Annual Exhibition Record of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Volume 3, 1914 - 1968'', Sound View Press, Madison, Connecticut, 1989, p. 308. He exhibited at the ''Artists for Victory Exhibition'', hosted by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in December 1942.''Artists for Victory: An Exhibition of Contemporary American Art'' (New York: Artists for Victory, 1942), p. 29. Mankowski was elected to the

National Sculpture Society Founded in 1893, the National Sculpture Society (NSS) was the first organization of professional sculptors formed in the United States. The purpose of the organization was to promote the welfare of American sculptors, although its founding member ...

in 1941, and elected a fellow in year. NSS awarded him its 1952 Louis Bennett Prize (for ''Minerva Medal''), and its 1972 Gold Medal. Mankowski was elected a member of the

American Numismatic Society The American Numismatic Society (ANS) is a New York City-based organization dedicated to the study of coins, money, medals, tokens, and related objects. Founded in 1858, it is the only American museum devoted exclusively to their preservation ...

in year, and was elected a fellow in year. ANS awarded him its 1960 J. Sanford Saltus Medal for lifetime achievement in medallic art, and its 1980 Numismatic Art Award. He was elected to the

American Academy of Arts and Letters The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 300-member honor society whose goal is to "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature, Music of the United States, music, and Visual art of the United States, art. Its fixed number ...

in 1950. Mankowski was elected an associate member of the National Academy of Design in 1956, and elected an academician in 1968. The Allied Artists of America awarded him its 1960 Lindsay Morris Memorial Prize, and its 1964 Daniel Chester French Award.

Personal

Mankowski was living in

Toronto, Canada Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...

in the 1970s. Art historian George Gurney interviewed him in preparation for the 1979 exhibition "Sculpture and the Federal Triangle," at the

National Museum of American Art The Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM; formerly the National Museum of American Art) is a museum in Washington, D.C., part of the Smithsonian Institution. Together with its branch museum, the Renwick Gallery, SAAM holds one of the world's lar ...

. Mankowski retired to

DeBary, Florida DeBary is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States, on the eastern shore of the St. Johns River near Lake Monroe (Florida), Lake Monroe. According to the 2020 United States census, 2020 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 20,69 ...

in 1980.''The Orlando Sentinel'', August 5, 1990
/ref> He died there on July 31, 1990. His only survivor was a nephew. Mankowski's papers are at the

Archives of American Art The Archives of American Art is the largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States. More than 20 million items of original material are housed in the Archives' research centers in Washing ...

Selected works

Sculptures

* ''Seated Female Figure'' (medium, 1934), height: . Exhibited at Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1934. * Relief: ''The Farmer's Letter'' (plaster, 1939), height: , width: height: , U.S. Post Office, Chesterfield, South Carolina, WPA relief panel * ''Shepherd'' ( staff?, 1939), Hall of Nations, 1939 New York World's Fair * ''Head of American Working Girl'' (medium, 1942). Exhibited at ''Artists for Victory Exhibition'', 1942. Exhibited at Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1947. * Relief: ''War Memorial Plaque'' (bronze, 1948), Macombs Junior High School, New York City * ''The Sisters'' (limestone, 1949), height: . Exhibited at Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1949. * ''Pieta'' (terra cotta, 1949). Winner of the United Clay Mines Prize, 14th Ceramic National Exhibition (1949), Carnegie Museum of Art"The Fourteenth Ceramic National," ''American Artist'', vol. 14, no.1 (January 1950), p. 43. * ''Hercules'' (cast stone?, 1950-1951), replica figurehead for SS Constitution * ''

'' (cast stone?, 1950-1951), replica figurehead for SS Independence * Relief: ''Lithuanian Flyers Memorial'' (aluminum and marble, 1957), Lithuania Square, Union Avenue & Hewes Street, Brooklyn, New York City A double portrait of Lithuanian-American pilots

Steponas Darius Steponas Darius (known as Stephen Darius in the US; born Steponas Jucevičius-Darašius; January 8, 1896 – July 17, 1933) was a Lithuanian American aviator, pilot, who died in a non-stop flight attempt in the ''Lituanica'' from New York City t ...

and

Stasys Girėnas Stasys Girėnas (known as Stanley T. Girenas in the US; born Stasys Girskis; October 4, 1893 in Vytogala, Kovno Governorate – July 17, 1933 near Soldin, Germany) was a Lithuanian-American pilot, who died in a non-stop flight attempt with the ...

, who attempted a 1933 trans-Atlantic flight from Brooklyn to Lithuania, but whose plane mysteriously went down over Germany. * ''Intimate Conversation'' (terra cotta, 1958), height: . Winner of the Ceramic Sculpture Award, Twentieth Ceramic International Exhibition (1959), Syracuse Museum. * ''Young Woman Standing'' (terra cotta, 1959) * ''Kneeling Nude'' (Indiana limestone, 1970), height: ,

Tampa Museum of Art The Tampa Museum of Art is located in Downtown Tampa, downtown Tampa, Florida. It exhibits modern and contemporary art, as well as Art in Ancient Greece, Greek, Ancient Rome, Roman, and Etruscan civilization, Etruscan antiquities. The museum open ...

, Tampa, Florida * ''Duckbill Platypus'' (marble, 1988),

Brookgreen Gardens Brookgreen Gardens is a sculpture garden and wildlife preserve, located just south of Murrells Inlet, in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The property includes several themed gardens featuring American figurative sculptures, the Lowcountry Zo ...

, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina * ''Girl with Book'' (stone, year), height: ,

Museum, New York City * ''Head of a Man - Self-portrait'' (plaster, year)

Medals

* ''New York World's Fair Medal'' (bronze, 1939), Equitable Life Assurance CompanyDavid T. Alexander, ''Medals of the Hall of Fame for Great Americans at New York University'' (David Thomason Alexander, 2019), pp. 138-13

/ref> * ''50th Anniversary Medal of Medallic Art Company'' a.k.a. ''Minerva Medal'' (bronze, 1949). Winner of the National Sculpture Society's 1952 Louis Bennett Prize. Examples at

, and other museums. * ''Diamond Jubilee of Electric Light Medal'' (bronze, 1954) * ''Franklin Delano Roosevelt Medal'' (bronze, 1968) * ''American Folklore Medal'' (bronze, 1969), National Gallery of Art (ex collection: Corcoran Gallery of Art) Society of Medalists - 79th Issue: features an image of

Paul Bunyan Paul Bunyan is a giant lumberjack and folk hero in American and Canadian folklore. His tall tales revolve around his superhuman labors, and he is customarily accompanied by Babe the Blue Ox, his pet and working animal. The character originate ...

on the obverse and

Johnny Appleseed Johnny Appleseed (born John Chapman; September 26, 1774March 18, 1845) was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced trees grown with apple seeds (as opposed to trees grown with grafting) to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, I ...

on the reverse. * ''George Washington Carver Medal'' (bronze, 1969), American Negro Commemorative Society * ''Science and Technical Award Medal'' (bronze, 1972). The obverse is a high relief after

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested o ...

's ''

Vitruvian Man The ''Vitruvian Man'' (; ) is a drawing by the Italian Renaissance artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci, dated to . Inspired by the writings of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, the drawing depicts a nude man in two superimposed positions ...

''. * ''George Gershwin Medal'' (bronze, 1972) * ''Asa Gray Medal'' (bronze, 1972), Hall of Fame for Great Americans, New York University * ''Henry Aaron Medal'' (bronze, 1974) * ''Marqui de Lafayette Medal'' (bronze, 1977), American Bicentennial Commemorative Society

Paintings

* ''Self-Portrait'' (oil on canvas, 1967), National Academy of Design Museum, New York CityBruno Mankowski
from National Portrait Gallery.

Glass

* ''Buffalo Bowl'' (etched crystal, 1954), Steuben Glass Company

Notes

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Mankowski, Bruno 1902 births 1990 deaths Sculptors from Berlin German emigrants to the United States Naturalized citizens of the United States 20th-century American sculptors 20th-century American male artists American male sculptors Art Deco sculptors American architectural sculptors Stone carvers Treasury Relief Art Project artists American numismatists National Sculpture Society members Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters National Academy of Design members