The Brodmann area 32, also known in the
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...
brain
The brain is an organ (biology), organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for ...
as the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of the
cytoarchitecturally defined
cingulate cortex. In the human it forms an outer arc around the
anterior cingulate gyrus. The
cingulate sulcus defines approximately its inner boundary and the
superior rostral sulcus (H) its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the
frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is the largest of the four major lobes of the brain in mammals, and is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere (in front of the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe). It is parted from the parietal lobe by a Sulcus (neur ...
. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the
ventral anterior cingulate area 24, externally by medial margins of the
agranular frontal area 6,
intermediate frontal area 8,
granular frontal area 9,
frontopolar area 10, and
prefrontal area 11-1909. (Brodmann19-09).
The dorsal region of the anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with rational thought processes, most notably active during the
Stroop task.
Guenon
In the
guenon, Brodmann area 32 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. This area was named 25 in Brodmann-1905 and labeled 25 in a figure contributed by Brodmann in Mauss-1908. In Brodmann-1909, however, the area was labeled 32 and the name "area 25" was attached to the area that has since been the accepted
area 25 of Brodmann-1909 (Vogt-87). Distinguishing features according to Brodmann-1905: in contrast with
area 6 of Brodmann-1909 the
cortex
Cortex or cortical may refer to:
Biology
* Cortex (anatomy), the outermost layer of an organ
** Cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the vertebrate cerebrum, part of which is the ''forebrain''
*** Motor cortex, the regions of the cerebral cortex i ...
of area 32 is relatively thick; the transition from cortex to
white matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called Nerve tract, tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distr ...
is more gradual; the distribution of cells is less dense; and there is no distinct boundary between the inner
pyramidal layer (V) and the
multiform layer (VI); it is similar to area 6 in the general absence of distinct layers, particularly of an internal
granular layer (IV), but differs in that cells are smaller and there is an increased density of medium-sized
pyramidal cell
Pyramidal cells, or pyramidal neurons, are a type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Pyramidal cells are the primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal cort ...
s at the level of layer IV; this population of cells makes area 32 similar to the neighboring area 24 of Brodmann-1909; it differs from area 24 by its greater overall thickness and a particularly thick layer VI that merges gradually with the subcortical white matter. Brodmann-1909 regarded area 32 as
topological
Topology (from the Greek words , and ) is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, wit ...
ly, but not cytoarchitecturally,
homologous to the human dorsal anterior cingulate area 32;
area 25 of Walker-1940 is topologically homologous to area 32.
Image
File:Brodmann area 32 animation small.gif, Animation.
File:Brodmann area 32 medial.jpg, Medial view.
See also
*
Brodmann area
A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells. The concept was first introduced by the German anatomist Korbinian B ...
External links
* Se
BrainInfofor Brodmann area 32
{{Prosencephalon
32
Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere