The Breadfield ( ro, Câmpul Pâinii, hu, Kenyérmező, german: Brodfeld, tr, Ekmekoltağı) is a region in southwest
Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...
,
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
between
Orăștie
Orăștie (; german: link=no, Broos, hu, Szászváros, la, Saxopolis) is a city in Hunedoara County, south-western Transylvania, central Romania.
History
7th–9th century – On the site of an old swamp was a human settlement, now ...
''(Szászváros)'' and
SebeÈ™
Sebeș (; German: ''Mühlbach''; Hungarian: ''Szászsebes''; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: ''Melnbach'') is a city in Alba County, central Romania, southern Transylvania.
Geography
The city lies in the MureÈ™ River valley and straddles the rive ...
''(Szászsebes)'' in the Transylvanian Saxon land, near the
MureÈ™ River MureÈ™ may refer to:
* MureÈ™ County, Romania
* MureÈ™ (river) in Romania and Hungary (''Maros'')
* MureÈ™ culture, a Bronze Age culture from Romania
See also
* Târgu Mureș, the capital of Mureș County
* Ocna MureÈ™
Ocna MureÈ™ (; la, Salina ...
. The central settlement is
Cugir
Cugir (; German: ''Kudsir, Kudschir'', Hungarian: ''Kudzsir'') is a town in Alba County, Romania. Declared a town in 1968, it administers seven villages: Bocșitura (Hungarian ''Boksiturahavas'', German ''Potschitur''), Bucuru (''Bukuruhavas''/' ...
( hu, Kudzsir, ger, Kudschir, tr, Kuçir).
The
Cugir River's old Magyar name is ''Kenyér'' (
bread
Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. It is one of the oldest human-made f ...
), which gave rise to the name ''Breadfield''. The region's borders to the south are the Cugir Mountains, to the north the MureÈ™ River, to the west
Hunedoara County
Hunedoara County () is a county ('' județ'') of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Name
In Hungarian, it is known as , in German as , and in Slovak as ...
, and to the east the
SebeÈ™ River.

The area is a fertile plain. Formerly, Breadfield's population was largely
Saxons
The Saxons ( la, Saxones, german: Sachsen, ang, Seaxan, osx, Sahson, nds, Sassen, nl, Saksen) were a group of Germanic
*
*
*
*
peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, la, Saxonia) near the Nor ...
, but today it is chiefly
Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...
. In 1479 the Hungarians scored a victory over the
Ottoman Army in the
Battle of Breadfield
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
, near
Șibot
Șibot (german: Unterbrodsdorf, Unter-Brotfeld; hu, Alkenyér or ''Zsibotalkenyér'') is a commune located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and ...
. In remembrance of the victory,
Stephen V Báthory built a chapel.
:Settlements of Breadfield
*
Vințu de Jos
Vințu de Jos, also known as ''Vinț'' (german: Unter-Wintz, Winzendorf, Alvinz, Weinsdorf; hu, Alvinc; la, Binstum; tr, Aşağı Vinçazvar), is a Commune in Romania, commune located in the centre of Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It is co ...
(hung. ''Alvinc,'' ger. ''Unterwintz'' or ''Winzendorf'')
* ''
Pianul de Jos'' (hung. ''Alsópián, Szászpián,'' Romanian ''Chian,'' ger. ''Deutschpien'' or ''Deutschpian'')
*
Săliștea
Săliștea (german: Tschorren; hu, Alsócsóra), known as ''Cioara'' until 1965, is a commune located in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania. The old name of ''Cioara'' is still widely used, especially by local residents.
It is composed of four ...
(hung. ''Tartaria,'' later ''Alsótatárlaka,'' in 1310 ''Oláhárkos'' and ''Szászárkos'' or ''-erkes,'' in 1488 ''Grebencsin'')
* ''Săliștea'' (a different town from the above-mentioned settlement; sometime ''Cioara,'' hung. ''Alsócsóra'')
* ''
Balomiru de Câmp'' (hung. ''Balomir'')
* ''
Șibot
Șibot (german: Unterbrodsdorf, Unter-Brotfeld; hu, Alkenyér or ''Zsibotalkenyér'') is a commune located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and ...
'' (hung. ''Alkenyér'' or ''Zsibotalkenyér,'' ger. ''Unterbrodsdorf'')
* ''
Vinerea'' (hung. ''Felkenyér,'' ger. ''Oberbrodsdorf'')
*
Cugir
Cugir (; German: ''Kudsir, Kudschir'', Hungarian: ''Kudzsir'') is a town in Alba County, Romania. Declared a town in 1968, it administers seven villages: Bocșitura (Hungarian ''Boksiturahavas'', German ''Potschitur''), Bucuru (''Bukuruhavas''/' ...
* ''
Aurel Vlaicu
Aurel Vlaicu (; 19 November 1882 – 13 September 1913) was a Romanian engineer, inventor, airplane constructor and early pilot.Gheorghiu, 1960
Early years and education
Aurel Vlaicu was born in the village of Binținți in Transylvania, Aust ...
'' (previously ''Binținți,'' hung. ''Bencenc,'' ger. ''Benzendorf''; the location of the Breadfield Battle)
* ''
Pișchinți'' (hung. ''Piskinc'')
* ''
Vaidei'' (hung. ''Vajdej,'' ger. ''Weidendorf'')
* ''
Romos
Romos (german: Rumes; hu, Romosz) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, ...
'' (hung. ''Romosz,'' ger. ''Rumes'')
* ''
Gelmar'' (hung. ''Gyalmár'')
See also
*
Battle of Breadfield
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
*
The Holocaust in Hungary: Nazis cheated Hungarian Jews into believing they would be only resettled in Kenyérmező (see
Rezső Kasztner
Rezső Kasztner (1906 – 15 March 1957), also known as Rudolf Israel Kastner, was a Hungarian-Israeli journalist and lawyer who became known for having helped Jews escape from occupied Europe during the Holocaust. He was assassinated in 1957 af ...
)
External links
Reminiscences of the Breadfield
{{in lang, hu
Geography of Transylvania