Bir Hadaj (; ) is a

Bedouin The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu ( ; , singular ) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq). The Bedouin originated in the Sy ...

agricultural town located in the

Negev The Negev ( ; ) or Naqab (), is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel. The region's largest city and administrative capital is Beersheba (pop. ), in the north. At its southern end is the Gulf of Aqaba and the resort town, resort city ...

desert, near Revivim,

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

. In its population was .

History

Prior to the establishment of Israel, the

Negev Bedouin The Negev Bedouin (, ''Badwu an-Naqab''; , ''HaBedu'im BaNegev'') are traditionally pastoral nomadic Arab tribes (Bedouin), while some are of sub-Saharan African descent, who until the later part of the 19th century would wander between Hija ...

s were a semi-nomadic society going through a process of sedentarisation since the Ottoman rule of the region. During the British Mandate period, the administration did not provide a legal framework to record land ownership in the region. Israel's property ownership policy was adapted to a large extent from the older Ottoman land regulations of 1858 as the only preceding legal frame. It enabled Israel to nationalize most of the Negev lands using the state’s land regulations from 1969. Israel has continued the policy of sedentarization of the Bedouin, which at first stipulated the regulation and re-location of the Negev's inhabitants; during the 1950s Israel has re-located two-thirds of the Negev Bedouin into an area that was under a martial law. In 1978 Bir Hadaj was declared a closed military area, forcing its inhabitants to relocate to Wadi al-Na'am, near

Beersheba Beersheba ( / ; ), officially Be'er-Sheva, is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. Often referred to as the "Capital of the Negev", it is the centre of the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in Israel, the eighth-most p ...

. According to the NGO Arab Association for Human Rights, the inhabitants of Bir Hadaj remained there until 1994, when they learned that land where they previously settled was no longer used for military purposes, but was converted into a farm. The group states that they were only able to re-build their village two kilometers north of its original location.

State recognition and reorganization

In January 2004 as a part of the government Abu Basma plan to find a solution to the scattered unrecognized Bedouin communities in the Negev, Bir Hadaj was officially recognized by the government as a Bedouin town and along with 8 other villages, it became part of the now defunct Abu Basma Regional Council. It was planned as a rural-agricultural village so when created, each local family was offered a free land lot (5

dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; ; ; ), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amo ...

) in the newly recognized town. They were provided with municipal services, such as water, electricity, sewage, schooling and health services. According to Akiva Bigman of '' Mida'' magazine, as of 2012 (a decade after the approval of the outline plan), no family has purchased land and settled in accordance with Israeli law. Only about a quarter (1,200) of the 5,000 residents of Bir Hadaj are located within the outline plan, and none of them live in the plots allocated by the program. In addition, many of the residents live and build outside the village, in the Ramat Negev Regional Council, although the jurisdiction area of the village is entirely in the area of Neve Midbar regional council.Akiva Bigman
Bedouin and municipal democracy
Mida website, 10/04/2012 According to David Cohen, a member of the committee of settlement arrangement policy in the Negev, the rest of the residents that live outside the city limits are in its surroundings, in an area that spans about 20,000 dunams. According to Nature and Parks Authority, the rapid spread of the settlement located along the northern boundary of the nature reserve Holot Mashavim, is threatening the existence of the reserve.Omri Gal, Permission to speak, a magazine, In The Roads Of The CountryNature and Parks Authority
Not all Bedouins agree to move from tents and structures built on the state lands into apartments prepared for them. About 60% of Bedouin citizens live in permanent, planned villages, while the remainder live in homes considered by illegal by the state and are subject to demolition and an absence of basic services. According to the Israeli NGO Regavim (NGO), a part of the scattered Bedouin community of Bir-Hadaj has settled on 1,900 dunam (~470 acres) of private land owned by Jews and continue to settle outside the regulated community on Jewish-owned land.

Demographics

Bir Hadaj is the largest town in the Neve Midbar Regional Council with a population of approximately 5,000 people and a total land area of 6,550

s. It is populated by al-Azzazma tribe.Formation of new towns for the Negev Bedouin
MMI. p.5, 2007

Education

There are 7 schools in Bir Hadaj, six of them elementary, including an ORT elementary school. There are additional schools for the children of different age in the nearby town of Revivim. The nearest university is

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) (, ''Universitat Ben-Guriyon baNegev'') is a public university, public research university in Beersheba, Israel. Named after Israeli List of national founders, national founder David Ben-Gurion, the unive ...

Be'er Sheva Beersheba ( / ; ), officially Be'er-Sheva, is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. Often referred to as the "Capital of the Negev", it is the centre of the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in Israel, the eighth-most po ...

Medical services

There is a branch of a health fund (medical clinic) Clalit in Bir Hadaj.Medical clinics in Bir Hadaj

Bezeq Bezeq () is an Israeli telecommunications company. Bezeq and its subsidiaries offer a range of telecom services, including fixed-line, mobile telephony, high-speed Internet, transmission, and pay TV (via Yes (Israel), Yes). The company is tra ...

References

External links

Bir Hadaj
at the

Times of Israel ''The Times of Israel'' (ToI) is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012 and has since become the largest English-language Jewish and Israeli news source by audience size. It was co-founded by Israeli journalist Dav ...

Lands of the Negev
a short film presented by Israel Land Administration describing the challenges faced in providing land management and infrastructure to the Bedouins in Israel's southern Negev region
Bedouin information
Israel Land Administration * Seth Frantzman
Presentation to Regavim about Negev
{{Authority control Arab villages in Israel Neve Midbar Regional Council Populated places established in 2004 Populated places in Southern District (Israel)