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Bindstone is a special type of
Embry and Klovan (1971) define bindstones as rocks that " ..contain in situ, tabular or lamellar fossils which encrusted and bound sediment during deposition. ..The matrix, not the in situ fossils, forms the supporting framework of the rock, and the fossils may form as little as 15 percent of the constituents of the rock."
Wright (1991) uses bindstone as a synonym for boundstone, which is defined as a rock " ..where the
structure reflects the encrusting and binding action of plants or animals"
Lokier and Al Nunaibi (2016) define bindstones as "autochthonous carbonate-dominated rock in which the original components of the supporting matrix were organically bound through stabilization of the sediment at the time of deposition."
carbonate rock
Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals. The two major types are limestone, which is composed of calcite or aragonite (different crystal forms of CaCO3), and Dolomite (rock), dolomite rock (also kn ...
in the Dunham classification
The Dunham classification system for Carbonate minerals, carbonate sedimentary rocks was originally devised by Robert J. Dunham (1924–1994) in 1962, and subsequently modified by Embry and Klovan in 1971 to include coarse-grained limestones and ...
. The term did not appear in the original Dunham classification from 1962 and was introduced by Embry and Klovan 1971 in the modified Dunham classification.
Description
Embry and Klovan (1971) define bindstones as rocks that " ..contain in situ, tabular or lamellar fossils which encrusted and bound sediment during deposition. ..The matrix, not the in situ fossils, forms the supporting framework of the rock, and the fossils may form as little as 15 percent of the constituents of the rock."
Wright (1991) uses bindstone as a synonym for boundstone, which is defined as a rock " ..where the
structure reflects the encrusting and binding action of plants or animals"
Lokier and Al Nunaibi (2016) define bindstones as "autochthonous carbonate-dominated rock in which the original components of the supporting matrix were organically bound through stabilization of the sediment at the time of deposition."
Problems
One problem in the classification is that the term ''bindstone'' is easy to confuse with the term ''boundstone''. Additionally the exact relation of the two terms changes depending on the classification used. For Embry and Klovan (1971), a boundstone is used for autochthonous carbonates if there is a lack of evidence for the more precise classifications asbafflestone
Bafflestone is a type of carbonate rock.
The Dunham Classification (Dunham, 1962) of limestones employed the term boundstone to encompass all carbonate rocks that exhibited any evidence of the original components being organically-bound together ...
, bindstone or framestone A framestone is a special type of carbonate rock in the Dunham classification
The Dunham classification system for Carbonate minerals, carbonate sedimentary rocks was originally devised by Robert J. Dunham (1924–1994) in 1962, and subsequently ...
. In contrast to that, Wright (1991) uses boundstone and bindstone synonymously, which is not consistent with other authors.
References
Limestone {{rock-stub