The Bida Emirate is a traditional state in Nigeria, a successor to the old Nupe Kingdom, with its headquarters in Bida,

Niger State Niger State is a state in the North Central (Nigeria), North Central region of Nigeria, bordered to the east by Kaduna State and the Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria), Federal Capital Territory, to the north by Kebbi State and Zamfara State, ...

. The head of the emirate is the ''Etsu Nupe'', who is the leader of the

Nupe people The Nupe (traditionally called the ''Nufawa'' by the Hausa people, Hausas and ''Tapa'' by the neighbouring Yoruba people, Yoruba) are an ethnic group native to North Central Nigeria. They are the dominant ethnic group in Niger State and an impor ...

History

The old Nupe Kingdom was established in the middle of the 15th century in a basin between the

Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east ...

and Kaduna rivers in what is now central Nigeria. Early history is mostly based on verbally-transmitted legends. King Jibiri, who reigned around 1770, was the first Nupe king to become Muslim. Etsu Ma’azu brought the kingdom to its period of greatest power, before dying in 1818. During that period, the

Fulani The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people are an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, ...

were gaining power across Northern Nigeria. After Ma’azu's death and during the subsequent wars of succession, the Nupe Kingdom came under the control of the

Gwandu Emirate Gwandu, also called Gando, is a town and emirate in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The seat of government for the emirate and district of this name is in Birnin Kebbi, which is the capital of Kebbi State and was capital of the historical Kingdom of Kebbi. ...

. Masaba, son of the Fulani leader Mallam Dendo and a Nupe mother, gained power in 1841. Faced with revolt by one of his generals, Masaba allied with the former Etsu Nupe, Usman Zaki, to recover control. Usman Zaki was enthroned as Etsu Nupe at Bida, and after his death around 1859 Masaba again became ruler until 1873. During his second period of rule, Masaba established the Bida Emirate as an important military power, steadily expanding its territory at the expense of its neighbors to the south and east. His successors retained control until 1897, when British Niger Company troops finally took Bida and established a puppet ruler. The Bida emirate became subject first to the British colonial regime, then to the independent state of Nigeria, with its rulers playing an increasingly ceremonial role. Till today, the emirate celebrates its cultural day known as Nupe Cultural Day, for the remembrance of the defeat to British rulers in their region.

Rulers

Rulers use the title "Etsu". Names, dates and notes taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (1989). Nupe Kingdom (1531-1835) Nupe Emirate (1835-1901) Bida Emirate (1901-present)

References

{{Nigerian traditional states Niger State Nigerian traditional states Emirates Nupe Emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate