Betsy Warrior
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Betsy Warrior is a Boston-area
feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideology, ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social gender equality, equality of the sexes. Feminism holds the position that modern soci ...
, author, and graphic artist. She is an advocate for women in abusive relationships, and was a founding member of the Boston-area women's liberation group Cell 16.


Personal life

Warrior was born in 1940. Warrior married at the age of 17, and suffered
domestic abuse Domestic violence is violence that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. In a broader sense, abuse including nonphysical abuse in such settings is called domestic abuse. The term "domestic violence" is often use ...
at the hands of her husband. She recalls beatings that left her "face bleeding and bruised", and cites the intervention of her family in helping her to finally leave her husband. Six years after her divorce, she adopted the name "Betsy Warrior" in honor of Native American activist Clyde Warrior, in admiration of his fight for
Native American rights Native American civil rights are the civil rights of Native Americans in the United States. Native Americans are citizens of their respective Native nations as well as of the United States, and those nations are characterized under United Sta ...
. Warrior is a descendant of the
Mi'kmaq The Mi'kmaq (also ''Mi'gmaq'', ''Lnu'', ''Mi'kmaw'' or ''Mi'gmaw''; ; , and formerly Micmac) are an Indigenous group of people of the Northeastern Woodlands, native to the areas of Canada's Atlantic Provinces, primarily Nova Scotia, New Bru ...
tribe of Canada. Warrior earned her
associate degree An associate degree or associate's degree is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years. It is a level of academic qualification above a high school diploma and below a bachelor's degree ...
from
Bunker Hill Community College Bunker Hill Community College (BHCC) is a public community college with multiple campuses in the Greater Boston area. Founded in 1973 in the Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States, BHCC provides higher education and j ...
in 2007.


Activism

In 1968, along with Roxanne Dunbar and Dana Densmore, Warrior helped found Cell 16, a "women's liberation group" that advocated for
women's rights Women's rights are the rights and Entitlement (fair division), entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st c ...
, pay equality,
reproductive rights Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to human reproduction, reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world. The World Health Organization defines reproductive rights: Reproductive rights ...
, and
self-defense Self-defense (self-defence primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of Force (law), ...
. Cell 16 was considered the face of the
women's liberation movement The women's liberation movement (WLM) was a political alignment of women and feminist intellectualism. It emerged in the late 1960s and continued till the 1980s, primarily in the industrialized nations of the Western world, which resulted in g ...
in Boston at the time. That same year, Warrior, Dunar, and Densmore also published a collection of essays entitled "No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation". Described as addressing "women who feel they are oppressed", the essays detailed the actions a woman should take to liberate herself. Warrior's essays criticized male aggression as well as members of the movement who had too much of a competitive mentality. While with Cell 16, Warrior created a poster that read: "Disarm rapists/Smash sexism", depicting a woman fighting off a would-be
rapist Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse, or other forms of sexual penetration, carried out against a person without consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person wh ...
. The poster was popular within the anti-rape movement. In 1974, Warrior published ''The Houseworker's Handbook'' along with Lisa Leghorn, a fellow activist Warrior met at the Cambridge Women's Center. Warrior equated domestic violence to "how women were devalued in society", and how a woman might stay in an abusive relationship because they lack the means or ability to escape. While at the Cambridge Women's Center, Warrior helped to open the first
battered women's shelter A women's shelter, also known as a women's refuge and battered women's shelter, is a place of temporary protection and support for women escaping domestic violence and intimate partner violence of all forms. The term is also frequently used to ...
on the east coast. Warrior made another poster that read “Strike! While the Iron Is Hot!” which became popular in Italy with advocates of the
Wages for Housework A wage is payment made by an employer to an employee for work done in a specific period of time. Some examples of wage payments include compensatory payments such as ''minimum wage'', ''prevailing wage'', and ''yearly bonuses,'' and remunera ...
movement. In 1976, Warrior published '' Working on Wife Abuse'' (later renamed the ''Battered Women's Directory''), an international directory listing programs and individuals advocating for women who were victims of domestic violence. The publication was cited for spreading awareness on the issue of domestic abuse and Warrior received numerous offers of help from other women who read the book. The last edition was published in 1989. Warrior has developed a series of posters on international women's rights which honor women activists from around the world.


Awards and recognitions

Warrior was awarded the first Jane Doe Unsung Hero award in 1993. She has been recognized by
Women's eNews ''Women's eNews'' is a nonprofit online news service based in New York City. It was founded by the late Rita Jensen. Lori Sokol, became the organization's executive director in July 2016. ''Women's eNews'' publishes international news articles spe ...
and Boston's Woman Magazine.


Published works

* ''Houseworker's Handbook' (written with Lisa Leghorn): Woman's Center (1975). * ''Working on Wife Abuse'' (1977). * ''Battered Women's Directory'' (1982). * ''Housework: Slavery Or a Labor of Love?'' (1986).


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Warrior, Betsy Living people 1940 births 20th-century American women writers Activists from Boston American graphic artists Bunker Hill Community College alumni American feminists Domestic violence in the United States Radical feminists