Barium-138
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Naturally occurring
barium Barium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. Th ...
(56Ba) is a mix of six stable
isotope Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or ''nuclides'') of the same chemical element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their Atomic nucleus, nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemica ...
s and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001. This nuclide decays by
double electron capture Double electron capture is a decay mode of an atomic nucleus. For a nuclide (''A'', ''Z'') with a number of nucleons ''A'' and atomic number ''Z'', double electron capture is only possible if the mass of the nuclide (''A'', ''Z''−2) is lower. I ...
(absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos), with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×1021 years (about 1011 times the age of the universe). There are a total of thirty-three known
radioisotope A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ...
s in addition to 130Ba. The longest-lived of these is 133Ba, which has a half-life of 10.51 years. All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived
isomer In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element (chemistry), element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. ''Isomerism'' refers to the exi ...
is 133mBa, which has a half-life of 38.9 hours. The shorter-lived 137mBa (half-life 2.55 minutes) arises as the decay product of the common fission product
caesium-137 Caesium-137 (), cesium-137 (US), or radiocaesium, is a radioactive isotope of caesium that is formed as one of the more common fission products by the nuclear fission of uranium-235 and other fissionable isotopes in nuclear reactors and nucle ...
. Barium-114 is predicted to undergo
cluster decay Cluster decay, also named heavy particle radioactivity, heavy ion radioactivity or heavy cluster decay," is a rare type of nuclear decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a small "cluster" of neutrons and protons, more than in an alpha particle, ...
, emitting a nucleus of stable 12C to produce 102Sn. However this decay is not yet observed; the upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay is 0.0034%.


List of isotopes

, -id=Barium-114 , rowspan=4, 114Ba , rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" , 58 , rowspan=4, 113.95072(11) , rowspan=4, 460(125) ms , β+ (79%) , 114Cs , rowspan=4, 0+ , rowspan=4, , rowspan=4, , - , α (0.9%) , 110Xe , - , β+, p (20%) , 113Xe , - , CD (<.0034%) , 102Sn, 12C , -id=Barium-115 , rowspan=2, 115Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 59 , rowspan=2, 114.94748(22)# , rowspan=2, 0.45(5) s , β+ , 115Cs , rowspan=2, 5/2+# , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β+, p (>15%) , 114Xe , -id=Barium-116 , rowspan=2, 116Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 60 , rowspan=2, 115.94162(22)# , rowspan=2, 1.3(2) s , β+ (97%) , 116Cs , rowspan=2, 0+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β+, p (3%) , 115Xe , -id=Barium-117 , rowspan=3, 117Ba , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 61 , rowspan=3, 116.93832(27) , rowspan=3, 1.75(7) s , β+ (87%) , 117Cs , rowspan=3, (3/2+) , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β+, p (13%) , 116Xe , - , β+, α (0.024%) , 113I , -id=Barium-118 , 118Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 62 , 117.93323(22)# , 5.2(2) s , β+ , 118Cs , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-119 , rowspan=2, 119Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 63 , rowspan=2, 118.93066(21) , rowspan=2, 5.4(3) s , β+ (75%) , 119Cs , rowspan=2, (3/2+) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β+, p (25%) , 118Xe , -id=Barium-119m , style="text-indent:1em" , 119mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 66.0 keV , 360(20) ns , IT , 119Ba , (5/2−) , , , -id=Barium-120 , 120Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 64 , 119.92604(32) , 24(2) s , β+ , 120Cs , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-121 , rowspan=2, 121Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 65 , rowspan=2, 120.92405(15) , rowspan=2, 29.7(15) s , β+ (99.98%) , 121Cs , rowspan=2, 5/2+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β+, p (0.02%) , 120Xe , -id=Barium-122 , 122Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 66 , 121.91990(3) , 1.95(15) min , β+ , 122Cs , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-123 , 123Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 67 , 122.918781(13) , 2.7(4) min , β+ , 123Cs , 5/2+ , , , -id=Barium-123m , style="text-indent:1em" , 123mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 120.95(8) keV , 830(60) ns , IT , 123Ba , 1/2+# , , , -id=Barium-124 , 124Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 68 , 123.915094(13) , 11.0(5) min , β+ , 124Cs , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-125 , 125Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 69 , 124.914472(12) , 3.3(3) min , β+ , 125Cs , 1/2+ , , , -id=Barium-125m , style="text-indent:1em" , 125mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 120(20)# keV , 2.76(14) μs , IT , 125Ba , (7/2−) , , , -id=Barium-126 , 126Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 70 , 125.911250(13) , 100(2) min , β+ , 126Cs , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-127 , 127Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 71 , 126.911091(12) , 12.7(4) min , β+ , 127Cs , 1/2+ , , , -id=Barium-127m , style="text-indent:1em" , 127mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 80.32(11) keV , 1.93(7) s , IT , 127Ba , 7/2− , , , -id=Barium-128 , 128Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 72 , 127.9083524(17) , 2.43(5) d , EC , 128Cs , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-129 , 129Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 73 , 128.908683(11) , 2.23(11) h , β+ , 129Cs , 1/2+ , , , -id=Barium-129m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 129mBa , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 8.42(6) keV , rowspan=2, 2.135(10) h , β+ , 129Cs , rowspan=2, 7/2+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , IT? , 129Ba , -id=Barium-130 , 130BaPrimordial radionuclide , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 74 , 129.9063260(3) , ≈ 1×1021 y , β+β+ , 130Xe , 0+ , 0.0011(1) , , -id=Barium-130m , style="text-indent:1em" , 130mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2475.12(18) keV , 9.54(14) ms , IT , ''130Ba'' , 8− , , , -id=Barium-131 , 131Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 75 , 130.9069463(4) , 11.52(1) d , β+ , 131Cs , 1/2+ , , , -id=Barium-131m , style="text-indent:1em" , 131mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 187.995(9) keV , 14.26(9) min , IT , 131Ba , 9/2− , , , -id=Barium-132 , 132Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 76 , 131.9050612(11) , colspan=3 align=center,
Observationally Stable Stable nuclides are isotopes of a chemical element whose nucleons are in a configuration that does not permit them the surplus energy required to produce a radioactive emission. The nuclei of such isotopes are not radioactive and unlike radionuc ...
Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 132Xe with a
half-life Half-life is a mathematical and scientific description of exponential or gradual decay. Half-life, half life or halflife may also refer to: Film * Half-Life (film), ''Half-Life'' (film), a 2008 independent film by Jennifer Phang * ''Half Life: ...
over 3×1020 years , 0+ , 0.0010(1) , , -id=Barium-133 , 133Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 77 , 132.9060074(11) , 10.5379(16) y , EC , 133Cs , 1/2+ , , , -id=Barium-133m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 133mBa , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 288.252(9) keV , rowspan=2, 38.90(6) h , IT (99.99%) , 133Ba , rowspan=2, 11/2− , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , EC (0.0104%) , 133Cs , -id=Barium-134 , 134Ba
Fission product Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons, the releas ...
 , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 78 , 133.90450825(27) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 0+ , 0.0242(15) , , -id=Barium-134m , style="text-indent:1em" , 134mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2957.2(5) keV , 2.61(13) μs , IT , 134Ba , 10+ , , , -id=Barium-135 , 135Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 79 , 134.90568845(26) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 3/2+ , 0.0659(10) , , -id=Barium-135m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , 135m1Ba , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 268.218(20) keV , 28.11(2) h , IT , 135Ba , 11/2− , , , -id=Barium-135m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , 135m2Ba , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2388.0(5) keV , 1.06(4) ms , IT , 135Ba , (23/2+) , , , -id=Barium-136 , 136Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 80 , 135.90457580(26) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 0+ , 0.0785(24) , , -id=Barium-136m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , 136m1Ba , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2030.535(18) keV , 308.4(19) ms , IT , 136Ba , 7− , , , -id=Barium-136m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , 136m2Ba , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 3357.19(25) keV , 91(2) ns , IT , 136Ba , 10+ , , , -id=Barium-137 , 137Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 81 , 136.90582721(27) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 3/2+ , 0.1123(23) , , -id=Barium-137m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , 137m1Ba , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 661.659(3) keV , 2.552(1) min , IT , 137Ba , 11/2− , , , -id=Barium-137m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , 137m2Ba , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2349.1(5) keV , 589(20) ns , IT , 137Ba , (19/2−) , , , -id=Barium-138 , 138Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 82 , 137.90524706(27) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 0+ , 0.7170(29) , , -id=Barium-138m , style="text-indent:1em" , 138mBa , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2090.536(21) keV , 850(100) ns , IT , 138Ba , 6+ , , , -id=Barium-139 , 139Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 83 , 138.90884116(27) , 82.93(9) min , β− , 139La , 7/2− , , , -id=Barium-140 , 140Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 84 , 139.910608(8) , 12.7534(21) d , β− , 140La , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-141 , 141Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 85 , 140.914404(6) , 18.27(7) min , β− , 141La , 3/2− , , , -id=Barium-142 , 142Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 86 , 141.916433(6) , 10.6(2) min , β− , 142La , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-143 , 143Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 87 , 142.920625(7) , 14.5(3) s , β− , 143La , 5/2− , , , -id=Barium-144 , 144Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 88 , 143.922955(8) , 11.73(8) s , β− , 144La , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-145 , 145Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 89 , 144.927518(9) , 4.31(16) s , β− , 145La , 5/2− , , , -id=Barium-146 , 146Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 90 , 145.9303632(19) , 2.15(4) s , β− , 146La , 0+ , , , -id=Barium-147 , rowspan=2, 147Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 91 , rowspan=2, 146.935304(21) , rowspan=2, 893(1) ms , β− (99.93%) , 147La , rowspan=2, 5/2− , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n (0.07%) , 146La , -id=Barium-148 , rowspan=2, 148Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 92 , rowspan=2, 147.9382230(16) , rowspan=2, 620(5) ms , β− (99.6%) , 148La , rowspan=2, 0+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n (0.4%) , 147La , -id=Barium-149 , rowspan=2, 149Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 93 , rowspan=2, 148.9432840(27) , rowspan=2, 349(4) ms , β− (96.1%) , 149La , rowspan=2, 3/2−# , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n (3.9%) , 148La , -id=Barium-150 , rowspan=2, 150Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 94 , rowspan=2, 149.946441(6) , rowspan=2, 258(5) ms , β− (99.0%) , 150La , rowspan=2, 0+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n (1.0%) , 149La , -id=Barium-151 , rowspan=2, 151Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 95 , rowspan=2, 150.95176(43)# , rowspan=2, 167(5) ms , β− , 151La , rowspan=2, 3/2−# , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n? , 150La , -id=Barium-152 , rowspan=2, 152Ba , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 96 , rowspan=2, 151.95533(43)# , rowspan=2, 139(8) ms , β− , 152La , rowspan=2, 0+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n? , 151La , -id=Barium-153 , rowspan=3, 153Ba , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 56 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 97 , rowspan=3, 152.96085(43)# , rowspan=3, 113(39) ms , β− , 153La , rowspan=3, 5/2−# , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 152La , - , β−, 2n? , 151La , -id=Barium-154 , 154Ba , style="text-align:right" , 56 , style="text-align:right" , 98 , 153.96466(54)# , 53(48) ms , β− , 154La , 0+ , ,


See also

Daughter products other than barium * Isotopes of lanthanum * Isotopes of caesium *
Isotopes of xenon Naturally occurring xenon (54Xe) consists of seven stable isotopes and two very long-lived isotopes. Double electron capture has been observed in 124Xe (half-life ) and double beta decay in 136Xe (half-life ), which are among the longest measured ...
*
Isotopes of iodine There are 40 known isotopes of iodine (53I) from 108I to 147I; all undergo radioactive decay except 127I, which is stable. Iodine is thus a monoisotopic element. Its longest-lived radioactive isotope, 129I, has a half-life of 16.14 million y ...
*
Isotopes of tin Tin (50Sn) is the element with the greatest number of stable isotopes (ten; three of them are potentially radioactive but have not been observed to decay). This is probably related to the fact that 50 is a " magic number" of protons. In addition, ...
*
Isotopes of carbon Carbon (6C) has 14 known isotopes, from to as well as , of which only and are stable. The longest-lived radioisotope is , with a half-life of years. This is also the only carbon radioisotope found in nature, as trace quantities are formed ...


References

* Isotope masses from: ** * Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: ** ** * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. ** ** ** * Half-life of 130Ba from: ** ** {{Authority control Barium
Barium Barium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. Th ...