The

Balinese language Balinese is an Austronesian language spoken on the Indonesian island of Bali, as well as Northern Nusa Penida, Western Lombok, Southern Sumatra, and Sulawesi. Most Balinese speakers also use Indonesian. The 2000 national census recorded 3.3 ...

has an elaborate

decimal The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers (''decimal fractions'') of th ...

numeral system.

Basic numerals

The numerals 1–10 have basic, combining, and independent forms, many of which are formed through

reduplication In linguistics, reduplication is a Morphology (linguistics), morphological process in which the Root (linguistics), root or Stem (linguistics), stem of a word, part of that, or the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change. The cla ...

. The combining forms are used to form higher numbers. In some cases there is more than one word for a numeral, reflecting the Balinese

register Register or registration may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Register (music), the relative "height" or range of a note, melody, part, instrument, etc. * ''Register'', a 2017 album by Travis Miller * Registration (organ), ...

system; ''halus'' (high-register) forms are listed in italics. Final orthographic ''-a'' is a schwa � * A less productive combining form of ''a-'' 1 is ''sa-'', as can be seen in many of the numbers below. It, ''ulung-'', and ''sangang-'' are from Javanese. ''Tiga'' 3 is from Sanskrit ''trika''. ''Dasa'' 10 is from Sanskrit ''daśa''.

Teens, tweens, and tens

Like English, Balinese has compound forms for the teens and tens; however, it also has a series of compound 'tweens', 21–29. The teens are based on a root ''*-welas'', the tweens on ''-likur'', and the tens are formed by the combining forms above. Hyphens are not used in the orthography, but have been added to the table below to clarify their derivation. The high-register combining forms ''kalih-'' 2 and ''tigang-'' 3 are used with ''-likur, -dasa,'' and higher numerals (below), but not for the teens. The teens are from Javanese, where the ''-olas'' forms are regular, apart from ''pele-kutus'' 18, which is

suppletive In linguistics and etymology, suppletion is traditionally understood as the use of one word as the inflection, inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate. For those learning a language, suppletive forms will be seen as "irre ...

. ''Sa-laé'' 25 (one thread Chinese coins">Ancient_Chinese_coinage.html" ;"title="f 25 Ancient Chinese coinage">Chinese coins, and ''se-ket'' 50 (one tie [of two threads of coins]) are also suppletive, and cognate with Javanese ''səlawé'' 25 and ''səkət'' 50. There are additional numerals ''pasasur ~ sasur'' 35 and ''se-timahan ~ se-timan'' 45 (one opium packet [costing 45 coins]), and a compound ''telung-benang'' (three threads f coins for 75.

Higher numbers

The unit combining forms are combined with ''atus'' 100, ''atak'' 200, ''amas'' 400, ''tali'' 1000, ''laksa'' 10,000, ''keti'' 100,000, and ''yuta'' 1,000,000 as they do with ''dasa'' 10: ''Atak'' is a 'bundle' (of 200 coins) and ''amas'' is 'gold' (a gold coin being worth 400 copper coins). In addition, there is ''karobelah'' 150, ''lebak'' 175, and ''sepa'' (one ''pa''?) for 1600. At least ''karobelah'' has a cognate in Javanese, ''ro-bəlah'', where ''ro-'' is the short form for two (as in ''rolas'' 12).

References

{{Reflist

Basic numerals

Teens, tweens, and tens

Higher numbers

See also

References

Further reading