Atâ-Malek Juvayni (1226–1283) ( fa, عطاملک جوینی), in full, Ala al-Din Ata-ullah (), was a
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
historian and an official of the Mongol state who wrote an account of the
Mongol Empire entitled ''
Tarīkh-i Jahān-gushā'' (''History of the World Conqueror'').
Early life
Juvayni was born in
Joveyn, a city in
Khorasan
Khorasan may refer to:
* Greater Khorasan, a historical region which lies mostly in modern-day northern/northwestern Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan
* Khorasan Province, a pre-2004 province of Ira ...
in eastern
Persia. Both his grandfather and his father, Baha al-Din, had held the post of ''sahib-divan'' or Minister of Finance for
Muhammad Jalal al-Din and
Ögedei Khan respectively. Baha al-Din also acted as deputy c. 1246 for his immediate superior, the emir
Arghun
Arghun Khan (Mongolian Cyrillic: ''Аргун хан''; Traditional Mongolian: ; c. 1258 – 10 March 1291) was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a dev ...
, in which role he oversaw a large area including
Kingdom of Georgia
The Kingdom of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს სამეფო, tr), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in circa 1008 AD. It reached its Golden Age of political and economic ...
.
Career
Juvayni, just as his predecessors became an important state official. He visited the Mongol capital of
Karakorum
Karakorum (Khalkha Mongolian: Хархорум, ''Kharkhorum''; Mongolian Script:, ''Qaraqorum''; ) was the capital of the Mongol Empire between 1235 and 1260 and of the Northern Yuan dynasty in the 14–15th centuries. Its ruins lie in the ...
twice, beginning his history of the Mongols conquests on one such visit (c. 1252–53).
He was with
Ilkhan Hulagu in
the 1256 campaign at the taking of
Alamut
Alamut ( fa, الموت) is a region in Iran including western and eastern parts in the western edge of the Alborz (Elburz) range, between the dry and barren plain of Qazvin in the south and the densely forested slopes of the Mazandaran provinc ...
, where he selected many 'choice books' from the famous Alamut library for his own purposes and burnt those books that he did not like.
was responsible for saving part of its celebrated library. He had also accompanied Hulagu during the
sack of Baghdad
The siege of Baghdad was a siege that took place in Baghdad in 1258, lasting for 13 days from January 29, 1258 until February 10, 1258. The siege, laid by Ilkhanate Mongol forces and allied troops, involved the investment, capture, and sack of ...
in 1258, and the next year was appointed governor of
Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
, Lower
Mesopotamia, and
Khuzistan
Khuzestan Province (also spelled Xuzestan; fa, استان خوزستان ''Ostān-e Xūzestān'') is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahvaz and it cov ...
.
Around 1282, Juvayni attended a Mongol ''
quriltai'', or assembly, held in the Ala-Taq pastures northeast of
Lake Van
Lake Van ( tr, Van Gölü; hy, Վանա լիճ, translit=Vana lič̣; ku, Gola Wanê) is the largest lake in Turkey. It lies in the far east of Turkey, in the provinces of Van and Bitlis in the Armenian highlands. It is a saline soda lake, ...
. He died the following year in
Mughan
Mughan plain ( az, Muğan düzü, مغان دوزو; ) is a plain stretching from northwestern Iran to the southern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The highest density of irrigation canals is in the section of the Mughan plain which lies in ...
or
Arran in
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
.
Siege of Alamut
Juvayni's brother was the powerful
Shams al-Din Mohammad Sahib-Divan, who had served as Minister of Finance under Hulagu and
Abaqa Khan
Abaqa Khan (27 February 1234 – 4 April 1282, mn, Абаха/Абага хан (Khalkha Cyrillic), ( Traditional script), "paternal uncle", also transliterated Abaġa), was the second Mongol ruler (''Ilkhan'') of the Ilkhanate. The son of Hula ...
. A skillful leader in his own right, Shams al-Din also had influential in-laws: his wife Khoshak was the daughter of
Avag Mkhargrdzeli
Avag Mkhargrdzeli (died 1250 AD) was a Georgian noble of Armenian descent, he was '' atabeg'' and ''amirspasalar'' of Georgia during the 13th century.
The eastern areas Bjni, Gegharkunik, Vayots-dzor, Artsakh, Siunik, Nakhichevan, Dvin ...
,
Lord High Constable of Georgia, and
Gvantsa, a noblewoman who went on to become
queen of Georgia
This is a list of kings and queens regnant of the kingdoms of Georgia before Russian annexation in 1801–1810.
For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.
Kings of Iberia ...
.
Work and legacy
Juvayni's position at court and his family connections made him privy to information unavailable to other historians. For unknown reasons, Juvayni's ''
Tarīkh-i Jahān-gushā'' ends in 1260, more than twenty years before his death.
The standard edition of Juvayni's history is published under the title ''Tarīkh-i Jahān-gushā'', ed.
Mirza Muhammad Qazwini, 3 vol, Gibb Memorial Series 16 (Leiden and London, 1912–37). An English translation by John Andrew Boyle ''The History of the World-Conqueror'' was republished in 1997.
References
Sources
*
*
*
External links
''History of the World Conqueror'' by Ala Ad Din Ata Malik Juvaini, translated by John Andrew Boyle Harvard University Press 1958, on the
Internet Archive
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joveini, Ata-Malik
13th-century Iranian historians
1226 births
1283 deaths
Juvayni family
Ilkhanate historians
Officials of the Ilkhanate