Arsinoe III Philopator ( grc, Ἀρσινόη ἡ Φιλοπάτωρ, which means "Arsinoe the father-loving", 246 or 245 BC – 204 BC) was Queen of
Ptolemaic Egypt in 220 – 204 BC. She was a daughter of
Ptolemy III and
Berenice II. She was the first Ptolemaic queen to bear her brother's child. Arsinoe and her spouse
Ptolemy IV
egy, Iwaennetjerwymenkhwy Setepptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun Clayton (2006) p. 208.
, predecessor = Ptolemy III
, successor = Ptolemy V
, horus = ''ḥnw-ḳni sḫꜤi.n-sw-it.f'Khunuqeni sekhaensuitef'' The strong youth whose f ...
were loved and well respected by the Egyptian public.
Life
Between late October and early November 220 BC, she was married to her younger brother,
Ptolemy IV
egy, Iwaennetjerwymenkhwy Setepptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun Clayton (2006) p. 208.
, predecessor = Ptolemy III
, successor = Ptolemy V
, horus = ''ḥnw-ḳni sḫꜤi.n-sw-it.f'Khunuqeni sekhaensuitef'' The strong youth whose f ...
. She took an active part in the government of the country, at least in the measure that it was tolerated by the all-powerful minister
Sosibius
Sosibius ( el, Σωσίβιoς; lived 3rd century BC) was the chief minister of Ptolemy Philopator (221–204 BC), king of Egypt. Nothing is known of his origin or parentage, though he may have been a son of Sosibius of Tarentum; nor have we any ac ...
.
In 217 BC, she accompanied
Ptolemy IV
egy, Iwaennetjerwymenkhwy Setepptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun Clayton (2006) p. 208.
, predecessor = Ptolemy III
, successor = Ptolemy V
, horus = ''ḥnw-ḳni sḫꜤi.n-sw-it.f'Khunuqeni sekhaensuitef'' The strong youth whose f ...
along with 55,000 troops at the
Battle of Raphia
The Battle of Raphia, also known as the Battle of Gaza, was fought on 22 June 217 BC near modern Rafah between the forces of Ptolemy IV Philopator, king and pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt and Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid Empire durin ...
in
Palestine against
Antiochus the Great
Antiochus III the Great (; grc-gre, Ἀντίoχoς Μέγας ; c. 2413 July 187 BC) was a Greek Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 222 to 187 BC. He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the r ...
with 68,000 troops.
Arsinoe may have commanded a section of the infantry phalanx.
Both sides employed cavalry, elephants, and specialized troops such as archers, as well as traditional Macedonian phalanx.
When the battle went poorly, she appeared before the troops and exhorted them to fight to defend their families. She also promised two
minas
Minas or MINAS may refer to:
People with the given name Minas
* Menas of Ethiopia (died 1563)
* Saint Menas (Minas, 285–309)
* Minias of Florence (Minas, Miniato, died 250)
* Minas Alozidis (born 1984), Greek hurdler
* Minas Avetisyan (1928� ...
of gold to each of them if they won the battle, which they did.
In summer, 204 BC, Ptolemy IV died. His two leading favorites,
Agathocles Agathocles ( Greek: ) is a Greek name, the most famous of which is Agathocles of Syracuse, the tyrant of Syracuse. The name is derived from , ''agathos'', i.e. "good" and , ''kleos'', i.e. "glory".
Other personalities named Agathocles:
*Agathocles ...
and
Sosibius
Sosibius ( el, Σωσίβιoς; lived 3rd century BC) was the chief minister of Ptolemy Philopator (221–204 BC), king of Egypt. Nothing is known of his origin or parentage, though he may have been a son of Sosibius of Tarentum; nor have we any ac ...
, fearing that Arsinoe would secure the regency, had her murdered in a palace coup before she heard of her husband's death, thereby securing the regency for themselves.
Issue
*
Ptolemy V
egy, Iwaennetjerwymerwyitu Seteppah Userkare Sekhem-ankhamun Clayton (2006) p. 208.
, predecessor = Ptolemy IV
, successor = Ptolemy VI
, horus = '' ḥwnw-ḫꜤj-m-nsw-ḥr-st-jt.f'Khunukhaiemnisutkhersetitef'' The youth who ...
Legacy
Eratosthenes wrote a manuscript called the Arsinoe, which is lost, the subject being a memoir of the queen. It is quoted by many ancient scholars.
Portraits of her likeness are also rare, but do exist in the forms of a bust of marble, and another of bronze.
References
204 BC deaths
240s BC births
3rd-century BC Pharaohs
3rd-century BC women rulers
3rd-century BC Greek people
3rd-century BC Macedonians
Ancient Egyptian women in warfare
Queens consort of the Ptolemaic dynasty
Women in Hellenistic warfare
3rd-century BC Egyptian people
Female pharaohs
3rd-century BC Egyptian women
{{AncientEgypt-bio-stub